218 REMARKS ON THE FAtlNA OF KILIMA-NJARO. [Mar. 3, 



Among the most noticeable Ruminants are the Buffalo {Bubalus 

 cafer, to judge by its horns), the Giraffe (very abundant), the 

 Eland, the Kudu, the Bush-buck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus), the Sable 

 Antelope {Hippotrcigus niger), the Pallah, one or two Gazelles, Gnus, 

 Hartebeests, Blessboks, and many small species of Neotragus and 

 Cephalophus. 



The Kudu penetrates up the mountain to a height of 14,000 feet, 

 in company with the Buffalo, attracted possibly by the sweet peren- 

 nial pasture. A Neotragus and Cephalophus are also found at high 

 altitudes. I have nowhere seen the Lesser Kudu, although a letter, 

 which I have received this morning from a friend who has been 

 shooting on the river Tana, a little to the north of Kilima-njaro, 

 shows it to be abundant there. "Wart-hogs are common, and pene- 

 trate to a height of 8000 feet up the mountain. 



I will not trouble you with much respecting the birds of Kilima- 

 njaro, as I have contributed some notes to Capt. Shelley's able 

 paper, written on the skins in my collection. I would, however, 

 remark on the great abundance of the Ostrich in the district round 

 Kilima-njaro. Curiously enough, it would seem, I know not why, 

 that this Ostrich never produces fine plumes. The Arab traders 

 find them worthless, at any rate, in the Zanzibar and Aden markets, 

 while the feathers from Somali-land fetch good prices. During my 

 residence at Taveita I kept many young Ostriches alive, and brought 

 several to the coast ; but they all died during the journey. 



In the large rivers at the base of Kilima-njaro and in Lake 

 Jipe Crocodiles are found. Large Lizards inhabit the forests. 

 Smaller Lizards and Chameleons are very abundant. I have met 

 with Chameleons up to a height of 13,000 feet ; and have also found 

 a Frog at the same altitude. I forgot to mention that at this 

 height, in an ice-cold stream, I captured the young of a Duck— of 

 what species I do not know, as they were in the down. 



Fish are nowhere found in the rivers of Kilima-njaro, save in the 

 river Lumi, which flows into Jipe. I have here to-night a drawing 

 of the only kind seen. In Jipe I have caught a Silurns, apparently 

 the same as the " Bagre " of the west coast. Freshwater Crabs are 

 common in the mountain-streams. 



Throughout this region Butterflies were few and scarce, except at 

 Taveita. Few kinds penetrated higher than 8000 or 9000 feet. 

 Bees and Wasps were found up to 14,000 feet. 



In summarizing this very hasty review of the fauna of Kilima- 

 njaro, I might remark that the animals were much more abundant in 

 the plains than on the higher ground ; and that the further we 

 ascended towards the snowy summits, the scarcer were the signs of 

 animated life. 



