360 DR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE ARCTOIDEA. [Apr. 21, 



The anatomy of the animal having been so fully described by 

 Professor Flower, it is sufficient here to remark shortly that the 

 tongue is pointed, covered with rather small conical papillae, small 

 fungiform papillae being generally scattered over the surface. The 

 flattened papillae are inconspicuous, and the circumvallate papilla; 

 are in two rows of about four each, forming an acute angle open 

 forwards. 



The liver has much the same general form as that of Nasua, but 

 the right and left halves are pretty equal, and the caudate lobe is 

 still larger. 



The lungs have four right and two left lobes. 



The heart is rounded, and the great vessels are given off as in the 

 Genet. 



The thvoid cartilage is ^Im-oid and not Cynoid in shape. 



The OS penis is much smaller than it is in Procyon and Nasua. 



The ana] glands are a single pair as usual. 



The brain ^ shows but a feebly marked Ursine lozenge. The 

 hippocampal and sagittal gyri join behind the crucial sulcus. 



Ailuropus -. — This very singular genus, comprising only one very 

 rare species, is the giant of that Arctoid group of which the Raccoon 

 is the type, being but a little smaller than the Brown Bear of 

 the Pyrenees. From muzzle to tail-root it measures I'oO m., and it 

 stands '66 m. high. It feeds on bamboo-roots and other vegetal 

 substances. It inhabits the most inaccessible mountains of Eastern 

 Thibet, from which it descends only to commit depredations in the 

 plains. It is very bulky, with a short and exceedingly broad head, 

 but the nose is small. 



The tail is so short as to be hardly visible. The feet are short and 

 rounded, and, as in the Panda, the palmar and plantar surfaces are 

 hairy, and the locomotion is not fully plantigrade. The fui* is very 

 thick, like that of a Bear. 



The skull is remarkable for its great sagittal crest, the shortness 

 of the muzzle, and the enormous development of the zygomata, the 

 extreme breadth between which is89'3 compared with the length of 

 the skull taken at a Imudred. It is therefore greater than that of 

 an}' other Carnivore, being most nearly approached by Ailurus, 

 where it is 83"5, and Hycena brunnea, where it is 83'4, and the relative 

 length of the second upper true molar also here attains its maximum. 

 The breadth between the orbits behind the postorbital processes 

 (which are almost obsolete in both the frontal and the u.alar) is less 

 than in any of the terrestrial Carnivores, being only 14*8. That of 



1 See ?. e. p. 12. and also P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 755-757, figs. 1, 2, 3.. where this 

 braiii has been described and figured by Professor Flower. 



2 JJrsus melanokucus, A. David, Nouvelles Archiv. du Mus. t. v. Bulletin, 

 p. 13. 



AVuropa melanoletimts, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Ann. des Sc. ^at. ser. 5, 1870, 



t. siii. art. no. 10. 

 Ailuropv.s mclanolmcvs, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouvelles Archiv. du Mus. 1872, 



t. vii. Bulletin, p. 92, and ' Eecherches pour servir a I'histoire iSatureUe 



des Mammiferes' (1868-1874), tome i. (text) p. 321, tome ii. (atlas) plates 



50-56. 



