60 Geology of Massachusetis. 
been described, except, perhaps, in regard to that in Southampton, 
which has been explored to a considerable extent. In many in- 
stances appearances at the surface are quite favorable; but whether 
the veins become wider, like that in Hatfield, or narrower, as they 
descend, can be determined only by actual exploration. Of one 
thing, however, I think, we may be assured, from the facts that 
have been stated; viz. that the central parts of Hampshire coun- 
ty contain extensive deposits of lead, which may be of great value 
to posterity, if not to the present generation. Probably many more 
veins will hereafter be discovered, since little examination has been 
made with a view to bring them to light. 
Copper. 
This valuable metal occurs in numerous places near the junction 
of the greenstone and sandstone, in the valley of the Connecticut, be- 
tween New Haven and Vermont. Several veins of copper ore are 
found in Connecticut; and the only one in that state, that has been 
explored to any considerable extent, lies on the borders of Massachu- 
setts, viz. in Granby. It has long been known under the name of 
Simsbury mines, although it is within the limits of Granby. Many 
years ago, before the war of the revolution, I believe, this vein was 
explored to a considerable extent. Afterwards the Government of 
Connecticut made use of the abandoned shafts and galleries for a 
State prison. Since the removal of this prison to Wethersfield, the 
exploration has been resumed, by a new company, I believe, and, I 
am told, with success. So far as I could ascertain from specimens, 
which I found there several years ago, and from some recently ob-— 
tained, the principal part of the ore is the gray oxide, associated, 
however, with the green carbonate.* 
In Greenfield. 
In the north eastern part of this town, on the banks of Con- 
necticut river, are two veins of copper, about a mile apart; the most 
northern one being about one hundred rods below the mouth of a 
small stream, called Fall river, and the same distance in a direct line 
from the cataract in Connecticut river, sometimes called Miller’s 
Falls; but lately and more appropriately, Turner’s Falls. These 
veins are several feet in width, and they pass into a hill of greenstone 
* They now find the compact red oxide, as is said, in great abundance. 
