110 Meteorological Observations. 
The mean temperature for the summer months is '71.60°. 
Do. do. for the autumnal months is 52.16°. 
Difference in the mean temperature of the winter months in the 
year 1830 and the year 1831, is 7.66°, that of 1830 being 33.66°. 
Depth of snow in 1831, forty-eight inches; the greatest fall at 
any one time being fifteen inches. Depth of snow in 1830, ‘being 
thirteen inches. Depth of rain in 1830, being 37.26 inches. Dif- 
ference in favor of the year 1831, 16.28 inches. 
The past year has been marked with many singular features, and 
the extremes in moisture and temperature have been very great: 
the winter months attended with a degree of cold only found in the 
arctic regions, and the summer months with floods of rain peculiar to 
tropical climates. ‘There seems to have been a belt of clouds encir- 
cling the western States for the last six months, opening at distant 
periods, and for such short spaces of time, to the rays of the sun, 
that solar heat, since the great eclipse in February last, has done but 
little in warming the surface of the earth. ‘The spring months were 
cold, and fruit trees nearly twenty days later in blossoming than in 
the year 1830. Heavy rains commenced falling the last of June, 
and continued through the summer months, filling the rivers and creeks 
to overflowing, and deluging the low grounds with water. Crops of 
small grain and hay suffered greatly, being in many places on the bor- 
ders of the streams entirely swept away, and in others beaten down 
and destroyed. Much of the wheat on the uplands, after it was reap- 
ed, vegetated in the shocks, and some while standing im the fields 
before it was cut. Hay suffered in the same way, and the produce 
of whole meadows was lost, or so much damaged as to be worthless 
and unfit for food, being altogether deprived of its saccharine and mu- 
cilaginous properties. Corn crops suffered less, and were very good 
where planted on lands not inundated with rain. Potatoes were bet- 
tep and more abundant than usual; which may be attributed to the 
coolness of the season, this climate being generally too hot in summer 
for their healthy growth. Apples, where they escaped the late 
spring frosts, were abundant and fine. Peaches were poor, being de- 
prived of their aroma and sugar by the excessive rains; many of 
them rotting on the trees long before the season of ripening. Pears, 
being better suited to cold and wet, succeeded very well, and afford- 
ed fine crops. The productions of the garden were generally as 
good as they usually are in any season. Autumn wasmild and tole- 
rably pleasant, but afforded us only eight or ten days of “ Indian 
