Connecticut River Valley. 207 
tributary streams which flow from corresponding portions of the 
valley. 
Water courses.—On one side of the bounding summits of the val- 
ley, rains and springs and rivers flow into the Connecticut. From the 
opposite sides of the same summits, they flow away through other 
channels. - Beginning at the north, the St. Francois river rises by 
the sources of the Connecticut, and empties into the St. Lawrence. 
At the east, very near the sources of both the Connecticut and St. 
Francois, heads the Margalloway river, which lower down, takes the 
name of Androscoggin, and passes through Maine, to the Atlantic. 
The Connecticut river valley increases rapidly in width, below the 
parent lake, and on the east side forms the upper and lower Ammon- 
oosuck, and between these, Israel’s river. The White Mountain 
range then stretches towards the west, making room, on its southern 
slope, for the sources of the Merrimack river, whose tributaries carve 
deeply towards the Connecticut, from a tract of country extending 
down one hundred miles, nearly to the north line of Massachusetts. 
There the valley of the Connecticut again opens, and forms, first 
Miller’s river, forty miles in length; and below, the Chickopee, the 
largest tributary of Connecticut river. In the southern border of 
Massachusetts the valley again becomes narrow, and so continues 
into Connecticut, leaving place for streams, which flowing to the east 
and south, are discharged through the Thames river at New London. 
Returning to the head waters of the Connecticut, on the west rise 
the Clyde and Black rivers, which passing through Lake Memphra- 
magog, unite with the St. Francois. ‘The valley of the Connecticut, 
- south of the heads of the Black river and the Clyde, opens broadly 
on the west side, and collects the waters of Pasumpsic river, a large 
tributary, which passing south, meets the Connecticut at the foot 
of the Fifteen mile falls. Next on the exterior slope, the sources 
of the La Moile and Onion rivers rise within ten miles of the Con- 
necticut, and flow towards Lake Champlain. Below, White river 
drains a broad tract of country into the Connecticut, supplying more 
water than any tributary, except the Chickopee. Farther south, on 
the exterior slope, rises the Otter Creek, and runs northwardly, to 
Lake Champlain. Below, within the valley of the Connecticut is 
formed West river, which runs to Brattleborough, and proceeding 
south, Deerfield, Agawam, and Farmington rivers, complete the num- 
ber of large tributaries, and respectively unite with the Connecticut, 
at Deerfield, West Springfield, and Windsor. Below the heads of 
