22 Poland. 



produce. With these advantages, the price of lands has more than 

 doubled since the opening of the canals, and will double again when 

 the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canal, down the Mahoning and Beaver, 

 is finished. For these advantages, the inhabitants of the present day 

 may thank a few wise and patriotic men, the projectors of " internal 

 improvement," which but for these men, would not have been ac- 

 complished until the succeeding age. Directly after passing the 

 state line between Pennsylvania and Ohio, we cross a corner of the 

 county of Columbiana. This boundary was established in the year 

 1802, and runs a north course, on a line 3° 32' west of Washington, 

 from the mouth of Yellow Creek on the Ohio River, to Lake Erie. 

 We arrived at Poland at 8 P. M., where I left the stage. 



Poland, May 9.— Poland is a flourishing village, seated on the 

 waters of the Mahoning,* in the S. E. corner of Trumbull County. 

 It contains a number of stores and mills, and from its proximity to 

 the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canal, will soon be a town of considera- 

 ble importance. The cherry and peach are here just opening their 

 blossoms, and the forest trees are yet quite naked of verdure. Vege- 

 tation at the mouth of the Muskingum, is at least ten days earlier 

 than it is here, which is caused partly by the difference in latitude, 

 and partly by elevation of surface. It is a singular fact, that the 

 peach tree is filling with blossoms, from the mouth of the Beaver 

 on the Ohio, to the shores of Lake Erie, while at Marietta, and 

 generally on the river for many miles above and below that place, 

 the winter has destroyed all the embryo fruit buds ; and yet here, in 

 a degree of cold far more intense, they escaped. This fact is prob- 

 ably owing to a more hardy growth, in a climate where severe win- 

 ters are not uncommon, and where they are continued with much 

 more uniformity of temperature. Many tender plants bear severe 

 continued cold, while a less degree destroys them if subjected to re- 

 peated thawing and freezing. For this reason, a tender vine on the 

 north side of a building, is more safe than on the south side. 



Collection of shells, minerals, ^c. — I called this morning on my 

 friend. Dr. Kirtland, with whom I shall spend a kw days. He lives 

 on a farm adjoining the village of Poland. Every thing about it 

 is in good taste and under excellent cultivation. He is a lover 



* The definition of Mahoning, according to Mr. Heckenwelder, is as follows: 

 Mahoni, a lick; Mahonink, at the lick. 



