50 Travertine. 



12. Granular lime rock, bluish color, very hard, and rather coarse 

 grained. It makes a good hydraulic cement, and is applied to that 

 use. — 1^ foot. 



13. Clay slate, with some impressions of the foliage of arbores- 

 cent ferns. — 6 feet. 



14. Secondary graywacke, of Eaton ; above which lies a thin 

 bed of iron ore in tabular masses. The graywacke is very hard, and 

 of a light gray color when first taken from the bed, but becomes 

 more dark on exposure to the air, indicating a mixture of the oxide 

 of iron. At this spot, about half a mile above the foot of the falls, 

 this rock forms the bed of the stream, and at this point my examina- 

 tion of the strata ceased. Below this point several other deposits 

 are brought to light, as the stream has cut through their beds. They 

 are mostly varieties of graywacke and slate, as would appear from 

 their description by Mr. Newberry. The whole series of rocks em- 

 braced in this section, amounts to three hundred and nineteen feet. 



Travertine. — In the perpendicular crevices and clefts of the rock, 

 a calcareous tufa, or travertine, is deposited from the springs which 

 run at intervals down the face of the cliffs, as the water, from its 

 lofty descent, evaporates in the air. Large masses of the rock occa- 

 sionally fall, displaced by the wintry freezing, exposing these collec- 

 tions, many feet in thickness and several rods in length. The tra- 

 vertine often contains the bones and teeth of animals, generally of 

 the deer, but occasionally of other animals, which have fallen into 

 these crevices and perished. They are mostly recent, although I 

 saw one or two that appeared to be of some extinct race. This tu- 

 faceous deposit, after calcination, is used by the inhabitants, for lime 

 or cement, no other lime rock being found near the falls. At one 

 sp3t which I examined, the travertine is now in a regular course of 

 deposition, having added an eighth of an inch since last year, when a 

 part of the mass was removed. The cliffs at the spot where my ex- 

 amination ceased, are about two hundred feet above the bed of the 

 Cuyahoga. The common deer, when chased by dogs or wolves, 

 sometimes leap these cliffs, and are dashed to pieces on the rocks 

 below. Only a few days before my visit, a large buck was killed in 

 this way. It is rather difficult and fatiguing to make one's way 

 amidst the huge masses of rocks which line the feet of the cliffs. 

 Occasionally a small stream of water rushes over the side of the 

 rocks, and is lost in a sheet of foam below, especially where the 

 projection is shelving : at some of these, like the table rock at Ni- 



