82 Head of fossil Ovis.— Fossil Chiton. 



a marine animal of the Walrus or seal race, and a borderer of the 

 ancient ocean. Since my return from Zanesville, I have received 

 the larger portion of a similar tooth, imbedded in dark colored car- 

 bonate of lime. It was found on Wills Creek, near the lias deposits, 

 about forty miles east, and had fallen out from a calcareous rock which 

 lies near the tops of the hills, one hundred and fifty feet above the 

 bed of the creek.* 



Head of fossil Ovis. — Description. — The whole head is much 

 rounder and fuller than the domestic sheep. Breadth of os frontis 

 between the eyes, three and a half inches : orbitary processes very 

 prominent and one and six eighths of an inch in diameter: space be- 

 tween the horns, two inches at the base, which incline backward at 

 an angle of about sixty degrees. Base of the head, measuring from 

 occipital hole, to nasal extremity, eight inches, a part of which is 

 broken off. Six stout molar teeth on each side ; a mamillary pro- 

 cess on each side of the upper maxillary bones, one third of an inch 

 high, with broad base, opposite the second molar tooth, counting 

 from back forward. They are probably the supports of a fleshy 

 substance for the growth of tufts of long hairs. Palate bones slight- 

 ly arched. The medullary portion of the horns now remaining, 

 is two inches long ; thin on the upper side, and one inch thick on 

 the under, and one and a half inches deep. From their direction, 

 they were probably more like goats' horns than those of a common 

 sheep. The animal differed from the domestic sheep in the follow- 

 ing particulars. In the domestic animal, the space between the 

 horns is much less ; between the eyes, the distance is also less. The 

 eyes themselves are considerably smaller, and there is no mamillary 

 process on the maxillary bone, which is the strongest mark of a spe- 

 cific difference between the modern and the ancient races. It may 

 be named Ovis mamillaris. Fig. 19, gives a view of the head. 



Fossil Chiton. — Descri'ption. — Length, eight inches ; breadth, 

 six inches ; nearly cordiform in its outlines, and fully one inch in 

 thickness on the lateral margins. Back slightly convex. Shell, 

 with ten valves ; longitudinally arranged and finely united on the 

 back of the animal, somewhat resembling spinal articulations. Sur- 

 face of each valve, smooth, or very slightly striated, and distinctly 



* In excavating the new canal this summer, in the deep cntting between the 

 heads of Sandy and Beaver Creeks, many fossil bones were found. Among them, 

 I am informed by J. Pierce, Esq., are some similar to these, but more than three 

 limes as large. 



