Proceedings of the British Association. 339 



Section B. — Chemistry and Mineralogy. 

 President. — Rev. Prof. Gumming. 

 Vice Presidents. — Dr. Dalton, Dr. Henry. 

 Secretaries. — Dr. Apjohn, Dr. C. Henry, W. Herapath, Esq. 



Mr. Watson read a paper on the phosphate and pyrophosphate 

 of soda. 



Mr. Ettrick noticed a new form of blowpipe, by which the blast 

 of the common blowpipe was made as equable as that produced by 

 water pressure. 



Mr. Herapath then drew the attention of the section to the com- 

 position of Bath water, as recently determined by him, and detailed 

 the methods of analysis which he adopted, and the results at which 

 he arrived. 



Dr. Hare next described his apparatus for the analysis, on the 

 plan of Volta, of gaseous mixtures. 



Mr. Herapath read a paper on the theory of the aurora borealis. 

 He stated that he always found this phenomenon to be low in the at- 

 mosphere, and in connection with clouds. Hence he inferred that 

 it is occasioned by electricity passing from the clouds. 



Section C. — Geology and Geography. 



President. — Rev. Dr. Buckland. 



Vice Presidents. — R. Griffith, Esq., G. B. Greenough, Esq. 

 {For Geography) R. I. Murchison, Esq. 



Secretaries. — W. Sanders, Esq., S. Stutchbury, Esq., T. J. Tor- 

 rie, Esq. 



y^For Geography) F. Harrison Rankin, Esq. 



A memoir was read by Mr. E. Charlesworth, being a notice of 

 vertebrated animals found in the crag of Norfolk and Suffolk. The 

 principal object in bringing forward this subject, was to establish the 

 fact of the remains of mammiferous animals being associated with 

 the moUusca of the tertiary beds above the London clay, in the 

 eastern counties of England. These remains are confined to a part 

 of the crag formation, which appears to extend from Cromer in Nor- 

 folk, to within a few miles of Aldborough in Suffolk, and the depth 

 of which was very great, wells having been sunk in it without reach- 

 ing its bottom. The bones of fish, and a large portion of the testacea 

 met with in the stratum, differ widely from those of the coralline 

 beds, and from that part of the crag deposit which skirts the southero 



