94 



Application of the Principle of a Balance. 



Fig. 2. 



2. Application to Pumping. 



Fig. 2 represents a balance suction or forc- 

 ing pump, for water or air, wherein there is no 

 loss of motion. W represents a body of air 

 or water. A3, a b, represent two similar 

 hollow cylinders, whose lower ends are insert- 

 ed perpendicularly, equidistant and parallel in 

 the body W of air or water. P. represents a 

 pivot, which firmly connects the top of the 

 cylinders, and across which the balancing 

 lever L Z is to be movably hung and poised. 

 H represents the handle of the lever L I. 

 C c represent two similar piston-rods whose 

 upper ends are movably hung to the lever at d d, and to whose low- 

 er ends are attached either pistons or valves, as it is designed for a 

 suction or forcing pump. D represents the pipes of both cylinders, 

 united to convey off the air or water. It can be conveyed off sepa- 

 rately. This is operated by an upward and downward motion of 

 the handle H. Any equal number of pumps either suction or fore- 

 ign, of equal dimensions, can by being connected on this principle 

 of a balance, be worked or moved by one handle. This application 

 is susceptible of numerous modifications. 



3. Application of Churning. 



Fig. 2 will serve to illustrate its application to churning. A. B, a 

 6, represent two churns ; C c, their dashers or piston-rods ; L I, the 

 balancing lever ; H its handle ; P its pivot, which connects them the 

 same as the cylinder AB, ab. It is worked by an upward and 

 downward motion of the handle H. This construction may be mod- 

 ified into a forcing or piston churn, by having a communication at the 

 bottom between them, to force the cream alternately from one into 

 the other. Instead of two churns, one churn resembling those com- 

 monly wrought by a crank, with a piston through the middle and an 

 aperture through that, would answer the purpose. I am of the opin- 

 ion, that in churning, the cream would gather sooner and form but- 

 ter, by being powerfully forced alternately, through small apertures 

 than by any other means, unless it be by adding some substance or com- 

 position, that will immediately fetch it. Instead of the cream's being 

 forced from one churn into the other and backwards, constantly, a 

 small wheel, full of holes, (the lids of the churns being made tight 

 and fast,) might be attached to the lower end of each piston-rod or 



