WM. H. BREWER. 37 



than the others. One in the eastern part has been called 

 Lake Bonneville. It occupied portions of Utah, and the 

 Great Salt Lake is all that is left of it. This was vastly- 

 larger than Lake Lahontan, and has been the subject of 

 especial study by the United States Geological Survey. 

 It is estimated that it covered 19,750 square miles, or 

 was nearly twice as large as Lake Erie, but it was so very 

 irregular in shape that it extended a great distance 

 southward. Like Lake Lahontan it had its islands and 

 its promontories, and, what is of even more interest, its 

 outlet. Some of the islands in the lake are now iso- 

 lated and barren mountains in the dry deserts, the old 

 lake shores marked about them with a vividness that is 

 simply marvelous, as you see from some of the illus- 

 trations. These old lake shores form terraces or tables. 

 Salt lake city stands upon such a terrace. These shores 

 can be traced almost as distinctly as if the sea was still 

 there, for more than 150 miles south of Salt Lake City. 

 They constitute a peculiarly distinctive and striking fea- 

 ture in the landscape. The outlet of Lake Bonneville 

 was northward, through Red Rock Pass, at the north 

 end of the present Cashe Creek Valley, in Idaho. This 

 is a small stream which now flows southward to the Bear 

 River, At its head is the Red Rock Pass in a valley, 

 and beyond that to the north is the valley of Marsh 

 Creek, which flows northward to the Snake River. 

 Through this, the old Lake Bonneville emptied, its wat- 

 ers, finding their way to the distant ocean through the 

 Columbia River. The Utah and Northern Railroad now 

 passes through these valleys and over this pass. 



I have spent so much time in discussing the scenery 

 and other aspects, that I have but little left for the re- 

 sources. 



First, and most remarkable, are the mines. Those 

 particularly of Nevada have affected commercial values 

 all over the world. Silver and gold bullion have been 



