54 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



to the new home. With theF. rufescens the slaves play 

 a much more important part, doing in fact all the work, 

 both outside and in, except the fighting ; for apart from 

 defending their nest and attacking others, their masters 

 are entirely helpless. The slaves select the site for the new 

 nest, make all the arrangements, and carry their owners 

 thither instead of being carried by them. They collect 

 the food, milk the aphides, and feed their masters, or 

 otherwise they would die of starvation. Huber shut up 

 twenty of these ants separated from their slaves, with an 

 abundance of their favorite food, and with their own 

 larvse and pupse as a stimulant to work. They did 

 nothing and many of them died from hunger. He then 

 admitted one slave, who at once went to work to feed 

 those that were left. These master ants have a long, 

 narrow jaw, well adapted for war, but entirely unfitted 

 for feeding themselves. 



Ants pay great regard to cleanliness and this partly 

 accounts for the care which they take of their dead. 

 They are at once removed and carefully buried. The 

 system of caste prevails among them to this extent, that 

 they have separate burial places for their own dead and 

 those of their slaves. It is easy to note this with the 

 P. sanguinea, since they are red and the slaves black. 

 The cemeteries are quite distinct, and each dead body is 

 interred in its own place. Mrs. Hutton, of Sydney, Aus- 

 tralia, reports that she once killed a number of soldier 

 ants to see what the others would do with them. Some 

 of the survivors at once went off to the parent nest to re- 

 port the calamity. A number came hurrying to the spot 

 — two advanced, took up a dead body and moved on, 

 followed by two others empty ; then another pair lifted 

 a dead comrade and fell into line, followed by two 

 others carrying nothing, and so on until all the twenty 

 corpses had been collected. The funeral procession 



moved on, accompanied by an irregular body of about 



lo 



