DR. TH. NEUMANN. 187 



is a remarkable circumstance that, although there is a 

 dividing line between the brains of the different groups, 

 we do not find the gap between man and ape, but be- 

 tween higher and lower monkeys, so that we should have 

 a series as follows: Man, Oraug, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, 

 Gibbon, Pavian — half-apes, the series being uninter- 

 rupted up to the hyphen which inticates the gap or the 

 dividing line. To state it again, the very organ which in 

 the first place ought to furnish anatomical distinctions 

 of weight and importance, forsakes us when we require 

 more than Nature can evince. 



When thus the adversaries of the theory of relation- 

 ship between man and ape, or more generally between 

 man and animal, had failed in their efforts, when they 

 were forced by countless facts to admit that not a single 

 anatomical distinction could be found which gave us a 

 right to form a separate class for the human race, or to 

 believe even that man had been created by a special 

 divine act of the Creator, the psychologists stepped to 

 the front, ready to take up the fight and carry it to a 

 victorious end, after their colleagues, the anatomists, had 

 met with such a serious and everlasting defeat. They 

 admitted, indeed, that there might be many simi- 

 larities in the anatomical construction of the bodies, 

 and that it was impossible to establish a dividing line 

 between man and ape on the strength of their anatomy, 

 but that the whole weight of argument should be taken 

 from the psychological, the intellectual and moral side 

 of the question. Many an eminent scientist produced 

 the statement that animals, and with them monkeys, 

 were destitute of any logical apprehension and power of 

 abstraction ; that man alone could count, that man alone 

 fabricated weapons and tools, kindled fire, planted seeds 

 in the earth, and was alone capable of self-renunoiation 

 and suicide. 



The weak point of these speculations concerning the 



14:3 



