DR. Til. NEUMAN-N. 189 



the string ; and, on closer examination, it was found 

 that about a dozen of them were in the inkstand, busily- 

 engaged in throwing the sugar down upon the window- 

 sill below, where others were carrying it off to the hill. 

 They thus saved themselves the trouble of climbing the 

 whole length of the window and down the string into the 

 inkstand and back again with their burdens, and avoided 

 by this means an immense expenditure of strength and 

 loss of time. This change in the plan of operations 

 shows remarkable powers of observation and reflection, 

 and was doubtless suggested by some of the more 

 thoughtful and practical members of the community, 

 and, after being communicated to the others, was adopted 

 by them. 



Time-sense is very highly developed in domestic fowls 

 and many wild birds, as well as in dogs, horses and other 

 mammals, which keep an accurate account of days of the 

 week and hours of the day, and have, at least, a limited 

 idea of numerical successions. Experiments have been 

 made with different classes of animals, high as well as 

 low ones, to ascertain their power of counting numbers, 

 and the results have been greatly in favor of the state- 

 ment that animals can count, sometimes even better than 

 man. 



Again, the ability to use tools and to wield weapons is 

 not exclusively human. From the ants which make a 

 clever and effective use of implements for their domestic, 

 social and military life, up to the apes and elephants, we 

 find tool-using animals nearly everywhere ; not to speak 

 of the flash of water which certain snails and fishes send 

 toward their enemy with calculated exactness, not to 

 speak of the dexterity with which birds open oysters and 

 fishes with hard shells by means of dropping them on 

 the rocks so that they break, let us point out only 

 how cats and dogs open doors by pressing the latch- 

 key, or how they cause them to be opened by pulling 



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