FREDERICK S. ARNOLD. 101 



called in those countries. In Scotland tinkler and Oypsy 

 both appear and they call themselves NawJcen (the deri- 

 vation of which I do not know), while we have the Dar- 

 hushi-fal in Morocco, the Rhagarin in Egypt, the Tra- 

 blus (i. e. Syrians), Nats, and Dom in India. 



The last word Dom has been shown by Leland to be 

 the same as Rom ("Gypsies,'' p. 334), and this brings us 

 to the hanptname, the great name by which Gypsies call 

 themselves all the world over — the Romany. 



The word is slightly modified in different lands, besides 

 which I believe the very much corrupted and only half 

 Gypsy Rhagarin of Egypt do not know it and possibly 

 some other outlying waifs of Gypsydom are without it. 

 Still it is practically universal. 



Its form in the East is Roma. Roma chat (a Gypsy), 

 Roma rai (a Gypsy king, Gypsy gentleman) were given 

 me by the Hungarian Gypsies who, when I pronounced 

 iJamaTiz as in English, thought I referred to Roumanian. 

 George Borrow delights to write the word Roman, with 

 how much authority I know not. The word without 

 doubt means simply " man." In modern Gypsy ram 

 or ramnus means man, or husband, ramni abbreviated 

 to ram, means wife. The Sanskrit domha, connected 

 with Rom through Hindu Dom, means " 'a man of low 

 caste, who gains his livelihood by singing and dancing.' " 

 (Skeat, under rum 2.) 



As the Gypsies everywhere call themselves Ramani 

 (Romany), so everywhere, almost, those not Gypsies are 

 called Gorjios, which maybe translated "gentile" if we 

 forget that word's etymology. In Russia and the East 

 this becomes gajo. Oajo, the Hungarian Gypsies I 

 talked with, translated by the German Bauer. In Spain 

 Borrow says, however, the Zincali call gentiles Busne, 

 perhaps from Sanskrit purusha, a man. 



The American Gypsies all call themselves Romany and 

 all speak more or less of the Romany language, but there 



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