1896.] BRITISH HYDROIDS AND MEDUS#. 483 
The second set of synonyms of the Atlantic form refers to 
Thaumantias pilosella, Forbes. This medusa I have taken and 
have been able to clearly establish its identity. The history of 
this species is given under Luchilota pilosella in these Notes. It 
possesses marginal vesicles and belongs to the Hucopidw, and has 
no connection whatever with the genus Laodice. Agassiz (1862) 
first placed Thawmantias pilosella in the genus Laodice as a 
synonym of Laodice stauroglypha. 
The synonyms of the Mediterranean form of Laodice cruciata 
may be divided into three sets. The first set belongs to the 
synonyms of Medusa cruciata, Forskal (1775); the second to 
Oceania lineolata, Péron and Lesueur (1809); and the third set to 
Thaumantias mediterranea, Gegenbaur (1856). 
Medusa cruciata, Forskal (1775). 
? Aurelia rufescens, Péron and Lesueur (1809). 
Aurelia crucigera, Risso (1826). 
Medusa crucigera, Eschscholtz (1829). 
Oceania cruciata, Wagner (1841). 
? Medusa cacuminata, Modeer (1791). 
? Oceania cacuminata, Eschscholtz (1829). 
Laodice crucigera, Lesson (1843). 
Thaumantias corollata, Leuckart (1856). 
. 
Forskal’s description and figures of Medusa cruciata do not 
possess any characteristic features by which they may be identified 
with any medusa described by recent writers. 
Péron gives a vague description of Aurelia rufescens, and believes 
it may be identical with Medusa cruciata, Forskal. 
Eschscholtz believes that Medusa cacuminata, Modeer, may be 
identical with Forskal’s medusa. 
Lesson unites all the above synonyms (except Thawmantias 
corollata) under the name of Laodice crucigera. 
It appears that all the early observers were either describing 
one species, or if two existed they were not able to distinguish 
clearly one from the other. 
Leuckart describes Thaumantias corollata as a new species, and 
from the description and figure given it seems to be closely related 
to Forskal’s medusa. 
The second set of synonyms refers to Awrelia lineolata, Péron 
(1809) and Dianea lineolata, Lamarck (1817). 
Péron refers to a “‘ variety of medusa,” Borlase (1758). I have 
looked up Borlase’s description and figures: he clearly had under 
observation a specimen of Aurelia aurita. 
The third set of synonyms refers to a species called Thawmantias 
mediterranea, described by Gegenbaur in 1856. This species was 
again described by Haeckel in 1864 under the name of Cosmetira 
punctata. It is quite distinct from Thauwmantias pilosella, Forbes. 
It is without marginal vesicles, and possesses both filiform and 
club-shaped cirri between the tentacles. 
Ihave taken at Valencia three specimens of a medusa which 
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