1896. ] ANATOMY OF ECHMOPHORUS MAJOR. 543 
biceps of other birds. The coracoidal part of the muscle again 
divides into two parts, of which one supplies the radius, and the 
other the ulna. Dr. Gadow mentions, upon the authority of 
Meckel, that in Himantopus and Scolopax the biceps is divided. I 
find in a specimen of Himantopus nigricollis the following 
arrangement of the several parts of this compound muscle. The 
muscle has two distinct portions—one, which may perhaps corre- 
spond to the entire biceps of other birds, has the two normal heads, 
one arising from the humerus, the other from the coracoid. In 
addition to this is a distinct coracoidal portion which has a common 
origin from the coracoid with the coracoidal half of the double 
head of the muscle. In Cursorius I also found the biceps to be 
double much in the same way; but the division only commenced a 
little way below the level of the humeral attachment. Finally, in 
Lobivanellus there were indications merely of the same division by 
a superficial furrow extending for some way up the muscle. 
In the Gulls proper (the Lavine of Howard Saunders) there is a 
syrinx of a more typical form than in any Limicoline bird known 
tome. Its more “typical” character consists in the fact that the 
single pair of intrinsic muscles are attached to the first bronchial 
semiring, and that that ring is bowed and closely attached to the last 
of six or seven slightly modified tracheal rings. In the Limicole, 
on the other hand, the intrinsic muscles are frequently absent 
(Himantopus, Hamatopus, Squatarola), and when present do not as 
a rule extend down as far as the bronchi; they end upon a tracheal 
ring at a variable distance from the end, though in some cases at 
least they may be continued as far as the bronchi by fibrous tissue. 
Lestris, however, has a syrinx which differs from that of the Gulls 
in that the intrinsic muscles end at the last tracheal ring, being 
attached partly to this and partly to the two in front; the muscle, 
in fact, is inserted rather obliquely. No very distinct line can there- 
fore be drawn between the two groups in the structure of the syrinx. 
Some justification for the association of the Laride with the 
Alcide is to be found in the disposition of the tendons of the 
tensor patagii brevis. In the Gulls, as in Limicoline birds generally, 
the tendon of the brevis muscle is double from the commencement, 
while the anterior of its two parts gives off just before its attach- 
ment a wristward slip from which passes upward obliquely the 
patagial fan to be inserted on to the tendon of the longus. There is, 
too, in both groups invariably a biceps slip, which may be inferred 
from Prof. Fiirbringer’s statement: as, however, I am acquainted, 
from my own dissections and from the sketches left by my two 
predecessors, with a larger series of both Laride and Limicole than 
were known to Dr. Fiirbringer, the fact seems to be worth emphasizing. 
In Larus argentatus there is, as is shown by a sketch of Mr. Forbes’s, 
a peculiar tendinous slip passing from the tendon of the longus 
patagii to the flexor side of the forearm, which is quite distinct 
from the patagial fan already referred to. This has not been 
observed in any Limicoline birds but Charadrius pluvialis ; it is 
highly characteristic of the Alcide. It may therefore be useful to 
