1896.] ON THE PTERYLOSIS OF THE BARBETS AND TOUCANS. 550d 
fore had the skeleton of a male specimen prepared, and noted the 
following points :-— 
The skull is devoid of ridges, such as are present on the snout 
in M. vulgaris and palmata, and the ethmoidal fontanelle is large ; 
the fronto-squamosal arch is bony and slender; the pterygoids 
considerably fail to reach the maxillaries. 
The ilium is suspended from the fifteenth vertebra, as in 
M. vulgaris and palmata, and the caudal vertebre number 32. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, 
Puatn XXI, 
Fig. 1. Rana camerani (p. 550). Upper view. 
We 33 r Side view of head. 
2. Pelodytes caucasicus (p. 551), Upper and lower view. 
7 a - Open mouth. 
Pruate XXII, 
Fig. 1. Salamandra caucasica (p. 553). Upper view. 
la Af ba Skull, upper and lower view, x 2. 
14. a os Side view of base of tail of ¢, x2. 
2. Molge vittata (p. 554). Side view. 
Das 3 * Skull, upper and lower view, x2. 
2. Contributions to the Anatomy of Picarian Birds.— 
Part II.1 A Note upon the Pterylosis of the Barbets 
and Toucans. By Frank EH, Bepparp, M.A., F.R.S., 
Prosector to the Society. 
[Received May 4, 1896. ] 
In a short article mainly referring to the peculiar “ intestini- 
form” gall-bladder of the Toucans and Barbets, the late Mr. Forbes 
took occasion to point out other resemblances between these 
families of birds? to each other and to the Woodpeckers. With 
regard to the pterylosis, however, Mr. Forbes contented himself 
with remarking that ‘‘ Nitzsch, from pterylographical grounds. ... 
long ago pointed out this connection.” Nitzsch undoubtedly 
placed in one group Picine, the Barbets, Toucans, and Wood- 
peckers ; but he included with the former in almost inextricable 
confusion the Bucconide, and furthermore observed that “this 
group also has no general pterylographic character, at least none 
belonging to itself alone.” His plate fully bears out this state- 
ment to my mind. Nevertheless it seems to me that there are 
pterylographic likenesses between the Barbets and the Toucans: 
I find, in fact, that the pterylosis of such Barbets as I have had the 
opportunity of examining do not agree altogether with Nitzsch’s 
figures. he species that I have studied are Megalema asiatica, 
M. hodgsoni, M. javensis, Cyanops franklini, and Xantholema rosea. 
1 See P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 587, for Part I. 
2 «Note on the Gall-bladder &c. of the Toucans and Barbets,” P. Z. 8, 1882, 
. 94. 
R 36% 
