1896. | BATRACHIANS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 911 
25. BuFo PENANGENSIS, Stol. 
Ansonia penangensis, Stol. J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 152, pl. ix. fig. 4. 
Bufo penangensis, Boul. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 287. 
This small Toad was discovered by Stoliczka at Penang: he 
obtained two specimens near the great waterfall, and two in 
a narrow gorge about halfway up the Penang Hill. 
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Borneo. 
26. BuFo MELANostrictus, Schn. (Plate XLIV. fig. 3.) 
Bufo melanostictus, Cantor, p. 142; Boul. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 306; 
Boul. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept. p. 505 (fig. p. 506). 
Cantor (p. 143) says ‘‘in the Malayan countries this species 
swarms in valleys and hills.” Stoliczka (J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 156) 
mentions this species from Penang, Province Wellesley, Malacca, 
and Singapore. In the British Museum there are specimens from 
Penang, Perak, and Singapore. I found this species in abundance 
at Kulim, Kedah, at. Taiping, Perak, in Penang, from within a 
few yards of the sea to the top of the Hill (2500 ft.), and also 
in Singapore. 
This Toad is very common in the Straits Settlements, hiding 
by day under stones or logs, in crevices, holes, ete., coming out 
shortly before sunset, and remaining abroad till dawn ; it may be 
met with on the roads and in the grass hopping or crawling about 
in search of food—ants, bees, etc. It often utters a rather feeble, 
plaintive cry when handled for the first time. It can change its 
colour from a light yellowish-brown to dark brown. Malayan 
specimens have not so distinct black marks on the ridges of the 
head and black stars on the tubercles of the back as I have noticed 
in specimens from the North-West Provinces of India. The males 
in the breeding-season sometimes have the chin coloured bright 
yellow. The spawn, which resembles that of Bufo vulgaris in 
England, may be seen in March and April in ponds, in long strings 
twined about the water-weeds. In April the ponds at Tanglin 
were swarming with tadpoles, and their margins with minute 
toads. The tadpoles are very like those of Bufo vulgaris both in 
form, size, colour, and structure of mouth. The largest individual 
of Bufo melanostictus I found was in Penang, and measured 
115 mm. from snout to vent. 
Hab. India, Ceylon, Sikhim, Himalayas (up to 10,000 ft.), 
Southern China, Camboja, Siam, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 
Description of the Tadpole. (Plate XLIV. fig. 3.) 
Length of body about once and a half its width and about three 
quarters the length of the tail. Nostril much nearer the eyes 
than the end of the snout. Eyes on the upper surface of the 
body; the distance between them about twice as great as the 
distance between the nostrils, and about equal to the width of the 
mouth. Spiraculum on the left side, directed backwards, nearer 
the anus than the end of the snout, visible from above and from 
Proc. Zoot. Soc.—1896, No. LIX. 59 
