9° 
188 Memoranda. 
duced by nearly contemporaneous depositions or ejections ; 
and it is difficult, if not impossible, to decide on their rel- 
‘ative time of formation—although every thing seems to 
prove them, subsequent to the primitive, and constructed 
from materials taken from it. How far either of the great 
agents of change, fire or water, or what agent, or whether 
any has been employed to form the primitive, is a secret 
of nature, that all ovr ingenious labors have not yet been 
able to reach, nor probably ever will. The partial chan- 
ges that may have taken place, and do now occur in the 
four classes covering the primitive, are a fair field for spec- 
ulation, in which to exercise the fancy and imagination of 
the cabinet student.” 
14. Miscellaneous Remarks on the Comparative Political 
Situation of the Old and New World, and on the progress- 
ive Improvements in Education.—“ Since the plots and con- 
spiracies of the great and privileged orders, against the 
peace, comforts and happiness of the industrious produc- 
tive classes, have succeeded in Europe, [ am mortified be- 
yond measure at the recollection that | belong to the spe- 
cies and am forced for consolation to extend my views 
across the Atlantic, and hope soon to return to America, 
that I may be an eye witness to the prosperity of the Uni- 
ted States, and enjoy the gratifying sensation of beholding 
man in the most dignified attitude which he has yet attained, 
1 augur immense advantage to the population of the globe, 
from the junction of the moral and physical force of the 
two Americas, in favor of freedom ; and trust that we, as 
the elder community, shall be able to supply our southern 
neighbors with the means of acquiring the intellectual 
qualities they are deficient in, by teaching them the short- 
est, easicst and most agreeable way to knowledge, by a 
simple and rational education. 
To assist a little in that great general good, Mr. Wil- 
Jiam Phiguepal, who has kept school for these last four 
years, on an improved Pestalozzian system, in my house 
at Paris, goes to Philadelphia this spring, with the mech- 
anism, prints, instruments, representations, books, &c. &c. 
to facilitate the giving of distinct and accurate ideas to 
children, at a much earlier period than has yet been prac- 
tised, by imprinting the image on their minds directly from 
