Notice and Review of the Reliquiae Diluvianae. 319 
*“ The above facts,” Mr. Buckland remarks, ‘“‘are, J 
think, sufficient to warrant us in concluding, that in the 
period we have been speaking of, the extinct species of 
hyena, tiger, bear, elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, 
no less than the wolves, foxes, horses, oxen, deer, and 
other animals which are not distinguishable from existing 
species, had established themselves from one extremity 
of England to the other, from the caves of Yorkshire to 
those of Plymouth and Glamorganshire ; whilst the diluvi- 
al gravel beds of Warwickshire, Oxford, and London show 
that they were not wanting also in the more central parts 
of the country ; and M. Cuvier has established, on evi- 
dence of similar nature, the probability of their having 
been spread in equal abundance over the continent of Eu- 
Tope.”’—p. 96. : 
It has been known for a considerable time to Geolo- 
gists, that the bones of various animals were found in 
several caves in Germany. It became an interesting en- 
quiry, whether the circumstances under which they were 
found coincided with those at Kirkdale. With the genuine 
spirit of a persevering naturalist, Mr. Buckland resolved 
to make the tour of these caves, and he accomplished his 
purpose. The details he has given of those near Spa, in 
Westphalia, that of Scharzfeld, Bauman’s Hohle, Biel’s 
Hohle, Forster’s Hohle, of Rabenstein, Zanlock, Gailen- 
reuth, and Kirhlock, are in a high degree interesting, and 
between them all there is a striking agreement of circum- 
stances, indicating clearly that they were once submitted 
to the action of a deluge, Alike striking is their agree- 
ment with the English caverns. ‘In every cave I exam- 
ined,” says the author, ‘“‘! found a similar deposit of mud 
or sand, sometimes with and sometimes without an admix- 
ture of rolled pebbles and angular fragments of rock, and 
having its surface more or less abundantly covered over 
with a single crust of stalagmite; and in those among 
them, which had been inhabited as dens before the intro- 
duction of the mud and pebbles, the latter are always su- 
perinduced upon the remains of the wild beasts.” 
The principal difference between the English and 
German caves results from the fact. that the latter have 
had their mouths open since the deluge, and have been 
occupied as denssince that period. The bones, however, 
