Notice and Review of the Reliquae Diluvianae. 335 
in the following extract, a description of a series of vallies 
ef denudation. ea 
“ From Pittsburgh to Cincinnati, the prospect from the 
river is that of hills of moderate elevation, sometimes rocky 
and abrupt, but often sufficiently gradual in their ascent, 
to admit of cultivation to their summits. Their charac- 
ter, as to extent, direction, &c. seems to be determined 
by the number direction and magnitude of the streams 
which traverse them. They are the remains of what was 
formerly a continuous, and nearly horizontal stratum, with 
a large deposite of superincumbent soil, which the flow ng 
of water, during the lapse of ages, has channeled and exca- 
vated to its present form.” Long’s Expedit., Vol. 1. p. 40. 
_ Mr. Buckland presents us with the following summary 
of the evidence of an universal deluge, derived from the 
general diffusion of diluvium and vallies of denudation. 
‘©1, The general shape and position of hills and-valleys ; 
the former having their sides and, surfaces universally 
modified by the action of violent waters, and presenting 
often the same alternation of salient and retiring angles 
that mark the course of a common river : and the latter, 
in those cases which are called valleys of denudation, being 
attended with such phenomena as show them to owe their 
existence entirely to excavation under the action of a flood 
of waters.” 
“9, The almost universal confluence and successive 
jinosculations of minor valleys with each other, and final 
termination of them all in some main trunk which con- 
ducts them to the sea; and the rare interruption of their 
courses by transverse barriers producing lakes.”’ 
** 3, The occurrence of detached insulated masses of 
horizontal strata, called outliers, at considerable distances 
from the beds of which they once evidently formed a con- 
tinuous part, and from which they have been separated at 
a recent period by deep and precipitous valleys of denu- 
dation.”’ 
“4, The immense deposites of gravel that occur occa- 
sionally on the summits of hills, and almost universally in 
valleys over the whole world ; in situations to which no 
torrents or rivers that are now in action could ever have 
drifted them.”’ 
