THE OVERLAND ROUTE — OGDEX TO SAI^ FRANCISCO. 209 



torn 



lie ^^giant" or ''monitor/' named in the order of increasing efficiency, 

 were the tools successiyely nsed by the miners. Into the '^ rocker'' 



and the ^'tom'' the mini 

 machine as he Dourcd in 



& 



the aid of quicksilver, on riffles set across the bottom of his box. 

 Sometimes a stream was diverted into a flume to lay bare the gravel 

 in its bed so that the miner could get at it. In sluicmg, the gravel 

 was shoveled into a similar but much longer box tlu'ough which a 

 stream of water was allowed to run. The hydraulic giant was em- 

 ployed to wash into long riflle-set sluices immense quantities of 

 pravel. esneciallv from the hidier (Tertiary) deposits, much of which 



was 



Water 



miles in ditches and flumes from the high Sierra and conducted 



great head to a nozzle from 



mendous force asrainst the s^'^vel. It was the vast 



mto the streams 



ultural 



decided in favcr of the farmers. Of late years the gold obtained 



veins in California 



mmmg 



railroad 



Tertiary gold-bearmg gravel, the right of way having been preserved 



(See PL XLYIII, A.) The lower part 



mmers 



und 



gravels 



SI or $2 a yard are now being worked with profit by tmmehng or 



drifting. 



gravel 



omewhat altered intrusive 



Just beyond the hydraulic washmgs is Gold Run, wliich like Dutch 

 Fhit was formerly a flourishing placer town. Beyond Gold Run the 



railroad for about 6 miles crosses a north-south belt 

 Gold Run. ^j g|^|.^ ^^, sij^t-y schist of Carboniferous age (Calaveras 



Elevation 3,224 feet, formation). Thcsc rocks are cut by dikes of dark, 



Omaha 1,628 miles. ,^ iMT\-r»ii xrr 



altered ismeous rock (amDmbonte). ratcnes oi ler- 



ninants of the former 



hiUs 



already mentioned as having 

 Emio^rant Gan, through capture 



South 



(eleration 2,899 feet), Cape Horn (2,656 feet), and Wirt 

 (2,442 feet) are unimportant stations. From a point near milepost 



Magra 



Bluff 



Am 



92213°— Bull. 612—15 14 



