THE OVEELAND EOUTE COUTiTCTL BLUFFS TQ OGDEN 



35 



came into prominence 



emi 



Sioux and Pawnee Indians, the two powerful tribes of western 

 Nebraska. This post was maintained until 1894. Sidney was the 



from 



& 



m 



Union Pacific. 



Beyond Sidney the trains pass several stations and small towns 

 Margate, Brownson, Herdon, Potter, Jacinto, Dix, and Owasco d 

 shown on sheet 7)— befoi 



West of Sidnpv th^ ' 



Ki 



mor 



:ar beds'^ of the Ogalalla formation, 

 which continue to make conspicuous bluffs north of the track in 



Kimball. 



Elevation 4,704 feet. 

 Population 454. 

 Omaha 451 miles. 



many j^laces, contain the fossil bones of many 

 mals.^ 



Scott, 



These have been described by Prof, W- B, 

 Prof.- H. F. Osborn, and othere. In these 

 bluffs below the cap rock may be seen the Brule clay, 

 the youngest formation of the White River group,^ 

 of Oligocene (Tertiary) age. (See table on p. 31,) The exposures 

 in the Lodgepole Valley are not so conspicuous as those m the North 



from 



gras 



badlands are developed at many places on the Brule clay/ and curious 



remnants 



kno 



(PL VII, A, p. 41) 



CliimncT 



which 



emiOTants 



After leavmg Kimball the train 



reachin; 



Smeed, Nebr. 



Elevation 4,933 feet. 



Omaha 468 milp<;_ 



passes Oliver' and Bushnell 

 Smeed. The "mortar beds^^ which were observed 

 farther east at the top of the bluffs descend to 

 the valley floor west of Kimball and are not con- 

 spicuous, but west of Smeed they rise again in bluffs, 

 become more prominent, and terminate in Pine 

 est of Oliver, which is only a signpost; may be seen 



to the left (south of the railroad) a small reservoir for the stor; 



irrigation water, which is used in the valley farther downstream 

 Just before entering Pine Bluffs the traveler sees to the right, north 



of the track, a stone monument marking the boundary between 



Nebraska and Wyoming. 



Bluff 



s. 



'» 



^ See footnote on, p. 34. 

 2 The White Kiver group, which haa 

 been studied mainly iu the bad landa 



been a favorite collecting ground of the 

 paleontologist. Fossil bones have been 

 found in many parts of the group, and 



those of certain animals are so abtmdant 

 as to give their names to the rocks con- 

 taining them, such as Titanotherium 



southeast of the Black Hills, has long beds, Oreodon beds, and Protoceras 



sandstone. Jlore complete information 

 on these fossils may be found in the works 

 of Profs. Scott and Osborn. (See p. 230.) 



