222 



GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



Richmond. 



Population 6,802. 



Omaha 1,707 miles. 



Richmondj on both the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe lines, 

 is becoming a busy shipping, railroad, and manufacturing point, on 



account of the congestion of the water front of Oak- 

 land and San Francisco. The hills on the cast side 

 of the track, known to old Calif ornians as the Contra 

 Costa Hills, but now often referred to as the Berkeley 

 Hillsj rise steeply from the plain. The most conspicuous summit 

 from the west is Grizzly Peak (1,759 feet), but Bald Peak^ just cast 

 of it, is 171 feet higher. The hills are generally treeless on their 

 exposed western slopes, although their ravines and the eastern 



slopes are wooded.* 



Beyond San Pablo and Richmond the rocks of the Franciscan group 

 outcrop in low hills. At Stege the railroad is still close to the shore 

 of the bay. Between this place and the hills is one of the suburbs of 

 Berkeley known as Thousand Oaks. The traveler can get here an 

 unobstructed view out over the bay and through the Golden Gate. 

 Mount Tamalpais is on the right and San Francisco on the left. Just 

 to the left of the Golden Gate the white buildings of the Exposition 

 grounds can readily be distinguished if the day is at all clear. At 

 Nobel station a little wooded hill of Franciscan rocks stands close to 

 the railroad on the left. Beyond Nobel an excellent view may be had 

 of the hilly portion of the city of Berkeley. 



West Berkeley station, also known as University Avenue, is in the 

 older part of the city of Berkele^^, and the center of the city is now 



es back toward the hills. Berkeley was 



Berkeley. 



mi 



name 



Elevfttkn 8 feet. 

 Population 40,434. 

 Omaha 1.772 nules 



wrote 



Westward the course of empire 



j> 



California 



by those who chose it as a site for the University of 



loo kin 



familiar 



Wh 



me 



The Univers 



ty of Cahfornia was founded in 1868. It is one of the 

 largest State universities in America, including besides the regular 

 collegiate and postgraduate departments at Berkelev the Lick 



Mount Hamilton 



m 



^ The geol(^c structure of these hills is 

 rather complicated. 



Along their 



outh- 



west base, between Berkeley and Oak- 

 land, is a belt of the sandstones, cherts, 

 and schists belonging to the Franciscan 

 (Jurassic?) group and characteristically 

 associated with masses of serpentine. 

 Overl3/'ing the Franciscan rocks are sand- 

 stones, shales, and conglomerates of Cre- 



age. 





taceoug, Eocene, and Miocene 

 These in turn are overlain, by tuffs, fresh- 

 water beds, and lavas of PUocene and 

 early Quaternary age. The general stnic- 



ture of the ridge east of Berkeley is 

 synclinal, the beds on both sides dipping 

 into the hills. The upper part of Grizzly 

 Peak is formed chiefly of lava flows of 

 Pliocene age. 



