226 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTEEX UNITED STATES. 



first 



from 



military post (presidio) 



the Franciscan mission of San Francisco de Asis. In 

 1S36 the settlement of Yerba Buena (yair'ba bway'na) 

 was estabhshed in a little cove southeast of Telegraph Hill- 

 The name San Francisco was, however, applied to all three 

 settlements. The United States flag was raised over the town in 

 lS-16, and the population rapidly increased, reaching perhaps 900 

 in May, 1848- The news of the gold discoveries was followed by 

 crowds of fortune seekers, so that by the end of 1848 the city 

 had an estimated population of 20,000. From that time on 

 San Francisco has grown rapidlv. The firstr reeridar overland mail 



communication with the 



bcin 



express m 

 In 1869 



completion of the Central Pacific Railway to Oakland m 

 begnming of transcontinental railway communication. 



suffered from 



and 1906. 



great 



a 1839, 1865, 1868, 

 er of April 18, 1906, 

 The actual damajre 



mams were broken 



immediately 



comparatively slight, but the 

 IS consequently impossible to 



mos 



tion 



timated damag 



to property was between §350,000,000 and $500,000,000. Recon- 



m 



three years following the earthquake, 



Tlie Ocean Shore Railroad (station at Twelfth and Mission streets) 



and connectmg automobile line afford a good opportunity to see 



Excursions ^ho gcology aloug the shore from San Francisco to Santa 



from San Chiz. Tho Toturn trip may be made by rail or stage 



across the Santa Cruz Mountains. For 4 J miles nortli 

 of Mussel Rock (11.9 miles from San Francisco) there is exposed 

 in the bluffs along the coast a remarku})le section of the Mer- 

 ced (Pliocene) formation, consisting of about 5,S00 feet of higlily 

 incHned marine clays, shales, sandstones, conglomerates, and shell 

 beds. In these beds have been found fossil remains of 53 species 

 of marine animals, mostly mollusks, of which three-fourths are still 



forms Hying 



The San Andre 



rift (the fracture along which displacement occurred in the San 



a little ravhie haK a mile north of Mussel Rock ar 

 railroad. The exposures of the Merced formation 

 were much finer before the San Francisco earthq 

 down some of the chffs. From Tobm ri8.1 miloc 



mouth 



a 



