86 



WESTERN^ 



w 



raili'oad sour extends tliroii 



the nietal-inining district surrounding Park City.* Coal was found 



Coalvill 



mined 



+ 



discovery. The mines of the Grass Creek valley, in the Coalville 

 field, now furnish fuel for the miniiig operations at Park City and for 

 the manufacture of Portland cement at Devils Shde. 



At Echo the red conglomerates (Wasatch) form chffs 500 feet or 



J.). South and west of the town the 



cks of Cretaceous age reappear at the surface Avhere the Wasatch 

 beds have been eroded away. About 2 miles west of Echo a group of 

 curious monument-hke rocks, some of which are more than 100 feet 



more in height (PI. XXIII 



high, may be seen to the right (.north; ol the i 

 These are known as The Witches (PI. XXI\ 

 formed bv the erosion of a coarse conglomera 



Although any rock 



that has a fancied resemblance to some famihar shape is likely to 

 attract greater attention than many a more significant feature of the 

 landscape, these bizarre monuments are well worthy of more than a 

 passing glance. The name '^The Witches'' is suggested by the form 

 q( the cap rock of one of the monuments, which is shaped something 

 hke the fabled witch's hat. (See PL XXIV, B.) The caps are 

 formed from a hght-colored bajid of conglomerate that is cemented 

 into a harder mass than the underlving pink conglomerate. This 



lyi 



becomes 



^Ylien the cap falls off the monument soon becomes 

 top and is finally reduced to the level of the surroi 



* The mining canip at Park City is 

 on tlie east side of the Wasatch Range at 

 an altitude of 7,200 feet, but some of the 

 mines are nearly 2,000 feet higher. The 



^imentarv rocks of this 



Triassic 



long ago compressed into a series of folds 

 and broken by mountain-making forces 

 and large portions of them were greatly 

 displaced. Masses of molten rock known 

 as quartz diorite and quartz diorite por- 

 phyry were then forced up into them from 

 below. Later othe: 



masses 



more important lode deposits occur in 

 two zones about a mile apart, known as 

 the Ontario and Daly West zone and the 



Silver 



King 



and Kearns-Keith zone. 



siu^ac 



The ores result from the older intni- 

 edons and occur as compounds of lead, 

 fiiiver, copper, zinc, and other metals in 

 lodes and fissure veins and as bedded 



imentary 



The 



These have been explored for several thou- 

 sand feet (in length), and in the Ontario 

 mine a fissure containing much valuable 

 ore has been explored to a depth of 2,000 



feet or more. 



Ore was discovered in this district in 

 1869, but not until 1877 did the camp 

 become an important producer. Since 

 that time production has been continuous. 

 The total reported output to the close of 

 the year 1913 was gold $3,959,132; silver, 



$91,336,065; 



lead, $47,602,156; copper, 



-a total value 



$3,587,247; zinc, $2,606,770- 



of 1149,091,370, of which $38,753,126 has 



been distributed as dividends. 



