TOPOGRAPHY OF CORNWALL. 351 



near the head of or above the tidal reach. It is idle to believe 

 that in the early days when this road originated, the crossing of 

 a difficult and at times dangerous estuary would have formed 

 part of a customary route. The great trackway on Dartmoor 

 points clearly from Exeter to Tavistock ; the crossing place of 

 the Tamar can hardly be placed lower than Horse Bridge, and 

 if not Tavistock then some place in its near vicinity will 

 represent Tamaris. 



Durocoronavis I have assigned without hesitation to Laun- 

 ceston, and this brings lis to the application of the second key 

 to the Ravennat's list, at which I hinted. He was evidently a 

 man unacquainted with the meaning of the Kornu-Keltic names, 

 as with Keltic generally, for he simply turns them into Latin, 

 flavoured by Italian pronounciation, as best he may. But Saxon 

 names or particles he understands, and commonly translates. 

 The old name of what is now Launceston proper was Dunheved, 

 or Dunheafod. The Ravennat knew that heafod meant head or 

 summit, and so he turned it into coronavis. 



Leaving Launceston we then, according to my theory, 

 return to the Truro estuary. My next suggestion may appear 

 to savour of great simplicity — the riddle may seem too easy of 

 solution. To me, however, this solution appears one of the very 

 strongest points of my case. 



The three names which follow Durocoronavis are Pilais, 

 Vernalis, and Ardua. Surely it is something more than a casual 

 coincidence that we have on the upper tidal waters of the Fal, 

 and in much the same order — Philleigh and Veryan, and 

 Ardevora, each with its little creek harbour. The manor of 

 Ardevora is said to have once included St. Mawes, but is shown 

 in Norden's Map of Cornwall to the north-east of Philleigh. 

 There is nothing in the assumed saintly origin of the names of 

 Philleigh and Veryan to militate against their use by the 

 Ravennat at the date commonly assigned to him.* 



* The fact that Philleigh and Veryan were usually known in the middle 

 ages by other names is no proof to the contrary. It is a very common thing for 

 a parish to have two names running contemporaneously, and for one to obtain 

 casual precedence. So with the different names often borne by parishes and 

 their chief towns. The original dedications of the churches admitted, the names 

 must in some form have continued, and if the saints are disbelieved in the 

 names must have existed to found the saintly myth. 



