THE GARDENERS' CHRONI 



lb. of hops »hould 

 is obtained, j lb 



. to the gallon forms a ligl 



, ._• (I, (onus 

 the sugar fc 





taken of the exhausted mutter or . 



brewer some 5s. or 6s. per quarter, more 



; a governs their value. The value of 

 mortt, in a large establishment is con- 



Those who are interested about magnificent 

 Drchids will find two species in great beaut}- just 

 low in the Garden of the Horticultural Sonet v. 



alter is JJendiol/iunt sprciosum, homin- 

 es, several With 100 flowers on each (one 

 » flowers) ; the length of the longest spike is 



The dwarf Pear-tree, treated as 

 i the next subject of inquiry, 

 if this may be readily formed by 



shorter than those forming the I - 



below them, the outline of the whole I 

 a pyramid. This form of growth is natt 

 Spruce ; " 



the shoot springing from it may 

 bending; train it upright, whl 

 shoots, from buds immediately below 

 more or less inclined to a horizontal < 

 cordimr to their strength ; the strongest should 



18 inches of its base, if the soil is rich ; if not, to 

 15 inches ; and from the shoots produced in the 

 following season from buds, just under the cut, 

 train a shoot for a leader, and three or four some- 

 what horizontally, as before, for a second tier. 

 Prcciselv in this manner tier after tier must be 

 started, till the tree attain its assigned height. All 





of the tree to form an upright sterr 

 sndency of the sap to developc 

 buds of a shortened shoot. But it 



: t'iniltic*. 



started for 

 rarely take that directior 

 will generally diverge at 



The sides of a well cut hedge s 

 consequently exposed to lighl 



■ branches 

 they also 



Let the top of the hedge expand till, like a canopy 

 it almost excludes the lower part from the bene- 



I linger and die off.' The branches of 

 the cultivated Pear are certainly not more ten 

 of life than those of its wild relative, the Haw 

 Whatever promote* or retards the growth of the one 



, - ': ! : ; 



It is. t 



nly be produced and t 

 lifficulty in obtaining 



» base. Let one shoot grow as strong 



in order to have well-conditioned 



repress over-luxuriance in the upper. 



With the view of invigorating the lower, permit 



and then bend" them towards a horizontal position! 

 They will thus be much stronger than if they had 

 been made to follow a horizontal direction from the 

 beginning. Shorten them a little at the winter 

 pruning, in order to obtain a stronger leading shoot 

 than would otherwise be produced. Cut to a side 



<" tm.ightly bend. Besides a 

 leauer, some otner snoots will probably be produced • 

 let them grow, for their foliage will assist i n forming 

 channels, or layers of wood containing channels, for 

 of sap along these bran 



The growing shoot should have 

 d till September, as before. No 



: be 'subjected to a treatment' gMerSu'fe 

 reverse of that recommended for the lower branch* 

 Against walls the horizontal mode of rriuW 

 answers well for the Pear. When the youngtjj 

 is planted, head down the shoot to a foot, or hm 

 courses of bricks, above the level of the pml 

 Train a shoot upright, and one right, another let 

 at an angle of 45° ; if these prove unequal mpoj, 

 of vigour, depress the strong and elevate the weak. 

 Lower them both about the middle of Septemberu 

 the horizontal line represented by the joint w- Ta . 

 the fourth and fifth course of bricks. Their ifc> 



therefore they 

 the sap flows n 



- !Vee!y i 



into ninos tnus diverging, 

 ined to proceed from tit 

 stem directly at right angles. The lower branch* 

 being apt to become the weakest, may be affordea 

 this advantage, whilst towards the top of the nl 

 the branches may be made to proceed horizontaBj 

 immediately from the stem. 



The tree having now a central upright shoot, an! 

 two horizontal side shoots, shorten the latter at 



• 



Proceed 1 



;,K 



the tree reach the top of the i 



zontal branches are sufficiently strong, they Bar 



shortening. 



Ifproperly managed in summer, fruit spun wiB 

 begin to form along these branches. The accoe- 





; hi, ■ 



greasing to form 



already blossom buds, known by their plumpoe* 



and from this period of the season such buds exhiba 



scales remain undisturbed till late in snrin.-. 1« 

 scar at c is where a portion of spur that has bone 



after b b have produced fruit, thev must likewnebe 

 cut back to others likely to form at their baies, « 

 they did at the base of c. 



The pruning of the Pear tree trained against aa 

 espalier differs in nothing from that which it n> 



POLMAISE HEATING. h 



plying the Polroaise principle of heating, it may p* 

 oSfers^-the more sT^they indicate a principle «j"j* 

 is also applicable to other modes of heating, and wB» 

 I do not think has been noticed before. 



My object was to heat a span-roofed house, -Jo*- 

 long by 12 ft. wide, and 14 ft. high, opening u» 

 other house of same height, 16 ft. long and 10 frV"* 

 placed cross-ways at its end, by introducing the n»£ 

 at the end of the large house, most x'emote iro 

 small house. The larger house is already P"™** 3 

 hot-water pipes, which have hitherto heated it *> 

 as the small house, the partition having been ren" 

 But I was anxious to substitute Polmabe, in o^^ 

 attain the greater circulation of air which B pw« 

 In this I have fully succeeded, heating the two wj 

 far more equably and more easily than before wtf » 



ion on those points. I only ro / an ^j c i, \ b»* 



Id air drain is quite useless. VP^S* 

 i the course of the currents of air aw e _^ 



* ; „i'i\ 



