18 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTEEN UNITED STATES. 



lead smelter, affording a good view of Commencement Bay and of the 

 harbor of Tacoma on the right. In the bluffs on the left rudely strati- 

 fied cross-bedded sand and gravel (Puyallup substage) rest at several 

 points on evenly stratified clays and fine sands with local pockets 

 of gravel and bowdders of the earlier (Admiralty) stage of glaciation. 

 The first good example is on the left, 2 miles from the Tacoma union 

 station, where an arch of the clay beds brings them plainly into view, 

 as shown in figure 3. 



Four miles from Tacoma, near the smelter tumiel, on the left, is a 

 deep clay pit exposing the same formations in the same relative posi- 

 tion, but just beyond, at the entrance of the main tunnel^ there are on 

 both sides of the cut beds of well-stratified clay and fine sand with 

 patches of gravel lapping up over irregularly stratified and cross- 

 bedded sand and gravel. The tunnel is 4,400 feet in length and 275 

 feet in greatest depth. In excavating it no hard rocks were cut, but 



From 



a large tooth, probably oi a mastodon, and 

 traces of coaly material were found in sand 

 associated with gravel. 



FiGTJRE 3. — Section of blull 2 mUes 

 northofstatlonat Tacoma, Wash., 



/ showing (a) anarchol finely strati- ghorc for 15 milcs afFords Sploudid vieWS of 



fied sand and clay of the Admi- xi xt i j i /^^ * i-k \. 

 rally glacial drift, overlain by (&) ^hc NarrOWS End tllC Olympic Range be- 

 irregularly stratified gravel and yond. Pugct Souud haS 1,750 UlilcS of shorC 

 sand of the Puyallup substage. T ■ii.ii' t. ^ ••. tiT 



Imc, with shelving beach, precipitous chlls, 

 and dense forests, affording some of the most beautiful inland water 

 views in America. The seepage of much water in many places along 



hue 



slide 



ing gravel 



r 



Steilacoom 



attracted by the pits on the left, from which large quantities of gravel 

 are loaded on scows for shipment to Tacoma and Seattle. The loading 

 is done by an application of the hydraulic method, first devised in 



J. The gravels as exposed in the pits show distinctly the 

 double set of bedding planes characteristic of delta deposits, namely, 

 a scries of beds that dip rather steeply in the direction of the river's 



minin 



overlain 



(topset beds). 



into 



und glacier was melting 



settlements in the western 



the State. A monument placed 



first Protestant church building erected north of the 

 Steilacoom. Columbia. It was built in 1853. Scotch broom 



S^'i'mtS. ((Genista scoparia), which has been introduced hito 



this region, flourishes about Steilacoom, and its bright 

 vellow blossoms form a nleasine^ feature oF thp LinrlQ*M»T^*^ 



