4 



h 



SHASTA ROUTE— SEATTLE TO SA^T J^RANCISCO. 2S 



Oleqiia Creek joins the Cowlitz, on the left, at Olequa station. 

 Some hop fields and hop dryers aro visible up the Cowhtz. Oti the 



left at the end of the bridge a bluff of columnar 

 Olequa. basalt Qava) OYerlies Eocene shales, and the railway 



Elevation 102 feet. passes through a docp cut in tills basalt that resem- 

 se^ttie mines. blcs the Bergen Hill cut, near New York. At the 



south end of the cut, on the left, the Eocene shales 



are well exposed. Much 



bottom 



accumul 



ing, the lava thus becoming interbedded with the coal-bearing 

 Eocene strata. Later horizontal sheets of lava overlie the tilted 

 coal-bearing beds near the volcano St. Helens, from which they 

 issued, but these later lava beds, although some of them probably 

 extend for a long distance west of the volcano, are not visible from 



the railway. 



Toutle River is crossed near its junction with the Cowlitz, and 



that river, bearing numerous log rafts, may now be seen at many 

 places on the right-hand side of the railway. 



At Castle Rock frost is rare. Here are extensive farms among 



the low-rounded hills of the region and some small 

 Castle Rock. orchards of prunes, cherries, and apples. The rail- 



Eievation 59 feet. way cuts near Castle Rock expose 60 feet of stratified 

 Population 998. Mprht-PTrav saud, formino^ a terrace whose top has an 



elevation of 120 feet above the sea. 



At Ostrander (see sheet 3, p. 32) logs floated down the CowUtz 

 are chahied into flat or cigar-shaped rafts for further transporta- 

 tion to the mills on the Columbia and elsewhere. 

 Ostrander. ^his place is noted for the size of the timber that it 



Elevation 41 feet. (.^11 supplj. A sawii stick 215 feet long can be seen 

 StifmiSies. by the station, and one 44 inches square and 100 



feet long was prepared for the Chicago exposition. 

 A few miles beyond Ostrander the railway enters a 1,200-foot 



a spur of basalt, from which it emerges into a broader 

 part of the valley. Small stern-wheel steamers ascend 

 Kelso. the Cowhtz for 17 miles beyond Kelso. The smelt 



Elevation 2c feet. fisheries (PI VI, A) ill the CowUtz ^deld about S50,000 

 Population 2,039. ^^^^^^ banned smelts scU here at a cent a 



Seattle 



pound, and they are shipped as far east as New York. 



The Cowlitz Valley contains hgnite coal, and some of the seams 



have been worked, but the decr(>asing demand for coal due to the 



competition of Cahfornia od lias put a stop to mining for the present. 



