28 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



character and the natural sorting of the material of the river bed are 

 well illustrated by the deposits of fine-grained sand dredged oppo- 

 site Vancouver, of coarse sand opposite Russell Landing, and of 

 gravel opposite Fishers^ 9 miles above Vancouver, Halfway across 



the Columbia River bridge the traveler passes into the State of 

 Oregon, 



name 



known as the Columbia and afterward somewhat 



Oregon, 



vaguely to the vast country drained by it. The 



)n is about 375 miles from east to y 

 200 miles from north to south and comprises an 

 96,699 square miles. Its population in 1910 was 672,765. 



Wash in 



much 



It has thus a wide range of 



climate, that of the coast being mild, e^ .^, ^..^ ..^....^^ cx.x^. ^^^. 



of the interior dry with pronounced variations in temperature. 

 Most of the mountain belt is heavily timbered, and the Douglas 

 spruce (Pseudotsuga mucronata), commonly called red fir, is said to 

 constitute about five-sevenths of the total timber stand of the State. 

 This tree yields the weU-known '^ Oregon pine" of commerce. The 

 value of the lumber and timber products of Oregon in 1912 was 

 about $22,263,920,000. A large part of the State lies within the 

 great volcanic field of the Northwest, the rocks of which yield rich 



ils, Althou 



grain crop, and most 



dry farming in the eastern part of the State. The mo 



agricultural reg 

 fisheries of Orep 



Willamette Vallev. The 



The 



itsmmes is gold, the yield in 1913 being $1,177,082 from deep mines 

 and $450,628 from places. Its water resources for power and irriga- 

 tion are as yet largely unused and await the further development of 

 the State. 



Oregon was early a bone of contention between nations. While 

 the- United States claimed the drainaore of thp Dohimbin fTi*^ •RrUJ^h 



movmi? 



missions from 



John McLou 



Hudson 



They were superseded by a more independent form 



region. 



anize 



ory 



of Oregon included, besides the area of the present State, the region 

 now included in Washington and Idaho, with parts of Wyoming 

 and Montana. On February 14, 1859, Oregon was admitted to the 

 Union as a State. 



