32 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



Ti'ains from Portland by the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Rail- 

 way connect with steamers of the Great Northern Pacific Steamship 

 Co., which run to San Francisco three times a week. 



On leaving Portland for the south the railway crosses Willamette 

 River and ascends its valley. The drainage basin of the Willamette 



is a roughly rectangular trough-shaped hollow, 145 

 Willamette River, miles long and 80 miles wide, lying between the 



Cascade and Coast ranges. Its area is over 11,000 

 square miles. The maximum power available from the river and its 

 tributaries is 1,670,000 horsepower, of which 92,537 horsepower had 

 been developed in 1909, the date of tlie United States Census report. 

 The river is navigable for 100 miles, and shallow-draft steamers ply 

 regularly from Portland to Oregon City, Dayton, and CorvaUis. 



East Morrison Street station is in the manufacturing suburb of 

 East Portland, and a mile beyond, on the left, is the new Ford auto- 

 mobile factory. Half a mile beyond the suburb of Brooklyn, near 

 milepost 767 from San Francisco, on the left, there are gravel terraces, 

 on which stand the buildings of Reed College. For miles the railroad 

 runs through a beautiful fertile country in which cultivated fields 

 are interspereed with groves of firs, alders, and other trees. The 

 white-flowered arroww^ood, purple hardback, and fircweed beautify 

 the hedges and fields. ^Vlong this part of the route there are fine 

 views of the even-crested bluff, probably of basalt, that bounds the 

 valley of Kellogg Creek on the west. The smooth soil-covered slopes 

 over which the train passes end abruptly against this bluff, which is 

 probably due to a fault. Near ^lilwaukie (milepost 762), on the left, 

 is Harmony School, and beyond are Mount Scott and other prominent 

 rounded hills of lava (basalt). 



There appears on the left, just before the train reaches Clackamas 

 (see sheet 4, p, 36) a small sulphurous-lookuig factory where spray 

 compounds for fruit trees are made. The State Rifle Range is near 



Clackamas. Opposite the station there is a fine 

 Clackamas. view of Mount Hood over field and forest. 



Elevation 137 feet. Near milepost 758 the railroad crosses Clackamas 



LTtafmii. River, which is bordered by banks of basalt. On tlio 



south side is Park Place station near Gladstone Park. 

 As Oregon City is approached the vafley of the Willamette narrows 

 to a canyon between bluffs of basalt. 



Oregon City, situated at the Falls of the Willamette (PI. XI; 

 By p. 29); is a manufacturing towTi and produces paper and woolen 



, goods. The water here falls iO feet over basalt 

 Oregon City. to tidewater level. A large hydroelectric plant by 



Elevation 102 feet. the falls supphes Hght and power for Portland, and 



Population 4.287. ai • -t i -i . , ^ 



Seattle 201 miles. ^"^^ maximum available energy is said to be 50,000 



horsepower. A lock canal along the west bank of 

 the river transfers steamers and other boats past the faUs. 



