SHASTA EOUTE — SEATTLE TO SAN FEANCISCO. 



33 



Basalt bluffs restrict the outlook from the tram, but the accom- 

 panying section (fig. 6) shows what may be seen above the bluff on 

 the left (east), near the quarry and crusher, and along the road to Ely. 



Dr. John McLoughhn, the Hudson's Bay Co. factor, settled here 

 and did much for the early settlers and afterward for the town. His 

 house is carefully preserved in a park that commands a fine view of 



the river. 



+ 



upland on 



Hi 



and New Era, a distance of 6 miles, the Wil- 

 3n 450 feet in depth across an extensive rolling 

 many fine farms. This upland is traversed 



Columbia. Alon 



remnants 



bottom 



river was flowing at a higher 

 level. The upland is an old 

 erosion surface, and was 

 formed, together with the can- 

 yon and the terrace (fig. 6), 

 while the gorge of the Colum- 

 bia was being cut, before the 

 falls at Oregon City came into 

 existence. The falls have 

 since cut back about a mile 



Molalla Road 

 Plain 



500 



400 



300 



EOO' 



\ *- A 



100 



, ,-iV.^7lN-V/W 



SeOr level 



first 



In 



comparison with the recession 

 of some falls — for 



exam 



FiGOLE 6 —Section of east blufi at Oregon City, Oreg. 

 c, Stratified gravel and sand; 6, stratified coarse sand; 

 c, stratified fine loamy material; d, decomposed basalt 

 resembling material of c. These materials are like those 

 noted at Westover Terrace, Portland. They are -R-ell 

 exposed near the quarry at the head of Munroe Street, 

 Oregon City, and on the Molalla road to Ely. 



Niagara, which has receded 



about 9 miles— this distance is not great, but the rock is hard and 



gives way slowly under the wearing action of the water. 



Near Coalca, at milepost 751, on the left, scarcely visible among 



which marks the scene of many 



train 



i\ 



railroad emereres from 



alluvial valley deeply filled 



by the Wil] 



New Era. 



Elevation 162 feet. 



Seattle 207 miles. 



Gravel is 



» 



Willamette 



machinery 



bunkers at the railroad ready for shipment. At 

 ' river impinges from the west against bluffs of lava, 



1 The explanation of the fact that the 

 Willamette between Oregon City and 

 New Era flows tlirough a canyon, while 

 north of Oregon City and south of New 

 Era it occupies broad valleys, is thought 



to be as follows: At a time not definitely 

 determined but probably early in the 

 Pleistocene epoch a fracture was formed 

 in the basaltic rocks near the site of Ore- 

 gon City. This fractwe had a general 



96286°— Bun. 614—15 



3 



