34 



GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTER:^' UNITED STATES. 



which cause it to turn abruptly northwestward. At this place may 

 be seen some Pleistocene sediments, deposited in the valley probably 

 while the river was temporarily dammed^ as described in the footnote. 

 From this point to Salem the railroad passes through a region of 

 broad alluvial plains with prosperous farms won from the great 

 forestj which is represented now only by stumps and by scattered 



groups of tall firs. 



The Clackamas County Fairground is visible on the right as the 



* 



train enters Canby. Half a mile beyond the town is a railroad 



gravel pit. The gravels have the characteristic delta 

 structure, known as cross-bedding — a series of layers 

 all inclined in one direction capped by nearly hori- 

 zontal layers. They resemble the delta deposits seen 

 near Puget Sound, Southeast of Canby, near Wil- 

 hoit, is a farm where teazels are grown. The dry thistle-like head of 

 the teazel is used by fullers to comb up the nap on woolen cloth, and 

 this farm is said to furnish a large part of the world's supply. At 

 milepost 746 the railroad crosses MolaUa River, which here flows 

 along the east side of its broad, flat valley. In this valley are grown 



Canby. 



Elevation 179 feet. 

 Population 587. 

 Seattle 210 miles. 



wheat, oats, potatoes, peaches, apples, and hops. In the neighbor- 

 hood of Barlow and Aurora, where Pudding River is crossed, the for- 

 ested areas increase, but to the northwest, near Newbiirg, there is a 

 fine orchard country. (See PL XII.) 



At Hubbard and between Hubbard and Woodburn 

 the countr}' is open to the cast, and the traveler may 

 get views of the Cascade Range, with Mount Jeffer- 

 son and other snow-covered summits. Woodburn is 



^ 



the center of a rich farming country. Beyond the 

 station a vista opens on the right to the Coast 

 Range. Rural scenes continue to Gcrvais, a tovn^ 

 notable for its fresh, white cleanhness. About a 



Hubbard. 



Elevation 210 feet. 

 Population 283. . 

 Seattle 218 miles. 



Woodburn. 



Elevation 210 feet. 

 Population 1,616. 

 Seattle 222 imles. 



northwesterly course. The rocks on op- 

 posite sides of it began to move, and ap- 

 parently the principal movement was a 

 rise of the rocks on the southwest side. 



tilted 



hinge 



where near the site of New Era. The 

 tendency of this movement was to dam 

 the Willamette above New Era. Tem- 

 porarily the river may have been ponded 

 back, but on the whole it appears to have 

 been able to cut a canyon in the basalt 

 as fast as the rock rose. The Tualatin, 

 a tributary which formerly entered the 

 Willamette at Oswego, 5 miles below 

 Oregon City, also had its course across the 



aiding block of lava, but being a less 



powerful stream than the Willamette, it 

 was unable to maintain its original chan- 

 nel. It was forced to flow southeast, 

 along the sloping back of the uptilted 

 block, and now enters the Willamette 

 nearly 3 miles above Oregon City. Os- 

 wego Lake, a long, narrow body of water 

 trending at right angles to the Willamette 



a remnant 

 Tualatin. 



illamette 



cutting the canyon 



had time to swing 



and 



from the softer rocks the wide valley 

 which the traveler §^^ ^ Jie emerges 



from the canyon^ 



