Goshen. 



SHASTA ROUTE — SEATTLE TO SA^ :PSANCTSC0, 39 



i 



divide between the Willamette and the Umpqua. For nearly 200 

 miles now the route is in the area of generally hilly country which, as 

 noted in the preliminary sketch of the region, separates the Willamette 

 Valley from the Great Valley of California and links the Oregon Coast 

 Range and Klamath Mountains with the Cascade Range and the 

 Sierra Nevada. From Eugene nearly to Greens, a distance of 80 

 miles, the route traverses Eocene sedimentary or eruptive rocks 

 except where these are covered by alluvium. 



At Goshen basalt forms the hiU directly opposite the station and 

 extends at least to Spencer Butte, a prominent peak of the same 



material, which soon comes into view on the right 

 (west). Between Mathews and Creswell is a ^vide 



Elevation 527 feet. iivj-n-ii- i-i i i 



ropuiation 414.* stretch of alluvial plain on which are young orchards 

 Seattle 312 mUes. of a great Variety of fruit trees. From Goshen south- 

 ward the valley narrows to Walker, being bounded on 



Creswell. ^^^ j^f^ ^^^g^^, ^^ ^-^^ ^^^ ^j ^ ^^^^ gp^^^. ^f ^^^^ ^^.^^^ 



pSaSiSr*' *^® Cascade R ange. The low hills on the right consist 

 Seattle 321 mfles. mainly of sandstones and shales, of iVIioccne age, but 



at one point a mile east of Saginaw basalt occm"s on 

 the right and is crushed for road material. 



A branch line from Cottage Grove runs up Row River into the 

 Cascade Range, toward the Bohemia mining district, which has pro- 

 duced gold for many years. Gold was discovered 

 Cottage Grove. here in 1858, and the total production has been be- 

 Eievation 071 feet. twccu $300,000 and $400,000. The gold-bearing 

 seatuesso'iu^s quartz veins of this district traverse Tertiary lavas. 



Quicksilver ore occurs at several places in this region, 

 and an attempt has been made to mine it at Black Butte, on the Coast 

 Fork of the Willamette 17 miles south of Cottage Grove. 



The Southern Pacific Co. has a plant at Latham for treatuig wooden 



railroad ties with cliloride of zinc to increase then- durability. This 



treatment is called burnettizmg, from Su- Wilham 



' *"** Burnett, who patented the process. Without treat- 



seattie 331 miles. ^^^^ ^j^^ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^y^^^^^- gj,, years, but when burnett- 



ized they last eight years. Dated nails are put in all the ties, of 

 which more than 3,000 are treated daily. 



Leaving the Coast Fork, the railroad ascends a branch valley to 

 the low pass across Calapooya Mountain that separates the dramage 



basin of the Willamette from that of the Umpqua. 

 Divide. Calapooya Mountain is the most northerly of the 



Elevation 779 feet. trausversc rido-cs from the Cascades to the Coast 

 Seattle 335 miles. ^^^^^ ^^^^ is^composcd of Eoccuc scdhnents and 



intrusive igneous rocks succeeded on the east by later Tertiary lavas. 

 The terraced slopes of this pass suggest that formerly Umpqua River 

 flowed through it and joined the WiUamette. In the course of tune, 

 however, its waters found a shorter way tlu-ough the Coast Range 



