SHASTA ROUTE — SEATTLE TO SAN FRANCISCO. 43 



The hills at Green are smooth and rounded and for the most part 

 without trees. The rocks of which they are composed are of Meso- 

 zoic agCj mainly sandstones and shales, with some conglomerate. 

 These rocks are greatly crushed along a belt running northeastward. 

 Southwest of Green station they are associated with a schist com- 

 posed largely of the beautiful blue mmeral glaucophane. This 

 mineral, which is a rather rare variety of hornblende, is found in 

 only a few parts of the world outside of Oregon, Washington, and 

 California. With the glaucophane schist near Green occur a green- 

 ish mica schist, some flinthke rocks commonly called cherts, and a 

 greenish igneous rock, referred to as greenstone, which has been so 

 much altered that its original character is in doubt. The best 

 exposure of the blue schist is three-fourths of a mile southwest of 

 some farm buildings on the right (west) at milepost 567. 



This is the only area near the Shasta Route in which these crystal- 

 line schists occur. On the other hand, the sandstones and shales 

 with which the schists are associated occupy a large area that is 

 traversed between Green and Dole, a distance of about 13 miles. 



At Games, nearly 1| miles beyond Green, there is a view to the 

 left up Roberts Creek to Dodson Mountain, a prominent peak stand- 

 ing 3,235 feet above sea level. In the distance are some outcrops 

 of a limestone which is used for lime and cement. 



At milepost 565 the South Umpqua is reached again by the rail- 

 road, which follows its right (east) bank. Along the stream the 

 crushed sandstones and shales are well exposed to view. 



Between Dillard and Dole the river cuts through a ridge, thereby 



making many fine exposures of the sandstones and shales- 

 Fossils have been found at many places in the 

 Dillard. j^^j^ ^f rocks just traversed, but opinions differ 



Elevation 546 feet. ^g to whether the rocks are all Cretaceous or in 



Seattle 395 miles. ^ . • 



part Jurassic. 

 From Dole (Ruckels post office) may be seen ahead, on the left, two 

 ridges — one wooded, the other bare. The absence of trees on the 



second ridge is due to the fact that it is composed of 

 '^^'^" serpentme, a rock contaimng much magnesia and 



£SlSr yieldmg an unfertile soil. Serpentine is an altered 



form of certain igneous rocks that are as a rule dark 

 and heavy and contain more magnesia and iron than ordmary 

 igneous rocks. Their characteristic mineral is ohvme or peridot, and 

 on this account they are called peridotites. 



At milepost 553 the serpentme, which forms a belt more than a 

 mile in width, is visible close at hand. At milepost 551.4 it is cut 



by dikes of porphyry, an igneous rock contaming crystals that are 

 noticeably larger and more distinct than those which make up most 

 of the rock. 



