46 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERIS' UNITED STATES. 



this continent, but it has been introduced from Japan and is 



common m many of our cities. The rocks in which these leaves are 



found belong to a formation not yet finally named* 



From Nichols station a backward view may bo had of the great 



flat top of Table Mountain, which is made up of horizontal Eocene 



strata. Cow Creek Canyon near Nichols has a depth 

 of about IjOOO feet and is well wooded, though in a 



Seattle 425 miles. £^^ placcs the woods are marred by fire. The most 



abundant trees are firs, to which the madronas, with their red-brown 

 bark and shiny oval leaves, afford a pleasing contrast. 



South of Nichols station the fossiliferous Eocene, Cretaceous, and 

 Jurassic strata are succeeded by a very thick series of sandstones 

 and shales, which form the slopes of Cow Creek canyon for nearly 

 15 miles. No fossils have been found in them in this area. This 

 great mass of sandstones and shales (the Dothan formation, of Juras- 

 sic age) is much crushed, so that the layering characteristic of rocks 

 that have been deposited in water has been obscured. 



From West Fork mail is carried over a trail to the lower Rogue 

 River country and to Gold Beach, on the coast. About 3 miles south 



of West Fork a large slide occurred some years ago 

 West Fork. ^^ ^^^ west slope of the canyon and blocked railroad 



Elevation 1,050 feet, traffic Completely for three months. Four miles of 



Seattle 436 miles. iiiii 



track had to be changed and two new tunnels cut. 



At a number of places along this part of Cow Creek old stream 

 gravels, lying on hillside benches above the channel of the present 

 creek, have been worked for gold. 



About 4 miles beyond West Fork the sandstones and shales of the 

 Dothan formation are succeeded by a much more variable set of 

 rocks, chiefly slates and greenstones. The slates are known as the 

 Galice formation, from the mining district of that name in the Kla- 

 math Mountains, farther south. They contain fossils which are simi- 

 lar to those collected from the slates (Mariposa slate) of the gold 

 region of the Sierra Nevada, in California, and which indicate Juras- 

 sic age. The Galice formation is older than the Dothan formation 

 and ought normally to lie beneath it, but earth movements since the 

 beds were deposited have reversed these positions and the Galice at 

 this locahty now lies on top of the Dothan. Such an overturn is some- 

 times brought about by folding of the beds, sometimes by faulting 

 whereby older beds are slid on top of the younger ones. 



From Reuben spur (see sheet 7, p. 60) a wagon 



Reuben, 



road leads to the Reuben Mountain mining district, 



Elevation 1^76 feet. wHch Ues about 10 milcs to the northwest. The 



Seattle 445 miles. . -i ^ i . -. -, t 



prevailing rock of the region between Reuben and 

 Glendale is greenstone. 



