48 



GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



From Lelaiid station there is a good view not only of the slates 

 near by but also of the hUly country. Here the nianzanita,^ which 



is abundant farther south, makes its first appearance. 

 The railroad ascends Dog Creek to tunnel No. 9, which 

 is at an elevation of 1,700 feet, is 2,205 feet long, and 

 rims 300 feet below the summit. 

 in black slates of Mesozoic age. 



Leiand. 



Elevation 1,218 feet. 

 Population 239 * 

 Seattle 463 miles. 



The tunnel is cut 

 On the right (west) 



as the tram cmerofcs is lunnei Creek, down 



mile 



any yet seen along the route. Most 



including quarrymen, would call this rock granite, and such for all 

 practical purposes it is. When fresh it has the characteristic gray 

 speckled appearance of gianite.^ 



o 



)diorite, which is of in 

 miles, to the vicinity 

 tie town of Grants Pa 



■& 



Hugo. 



Elevation 1,316 feet. 

 Seattle 409 miles. 



The rock 



at the surface is generally decomposed and crumbling, 

 and is consequently more easily eroded than the 

 harder slates and greenstones, and the country under- 



lain by it is less rugged than that north of Hugo. 



From Merhn a stage hne rmis to Roe:ue River, about 4 miles 



stream to the Galice mininir 



Merlin, 



Elevation 932 feet. 

 Population 787.* 

 Seattle 474 miles. 



district. In the country beyond Merhn, on the left 

 (northeast), an attempt is bemg 



ma 



grape 



without irrig 



Merhn and the town of Grants 



Pass^ on Rogue River. Along the raikoad may be seen cuts and 



* This shxub {Arctostaphylos patula), 

 growing from 3 to 5 feet high in Oregon 

 but much taller in parts of Califomiaj is 

 sure to attract the attention of one who 

 has never seen It before. It has a smooth 

 bark of rich chocolate color, small pale- 

 green roundish leaves, and berries that 

 resemble diminutive apples. It is this 

 resemblance that gives the shrub its 



common name, Spanish for little apple, 

 by which it is everywhere known on the 

 Pacific coast. Bears are very fond of 

 these berries. The manzanita covers 

 many hills in California with a stiff and 

 almost impenetrable growth, as \vill be 

 seen near Mount Shasta. Its wood is 

 hard, and the blaze from an old gnarled 

 root cheers many a western fireside. 





2 The geologist, who can with the micro- 

 scope distinguish all the various minerals 

 that compose rocks, has found that this 

 rock is not strictly a granite but is inter- 

 mediate in composition between true 

 granite and a similar but darker rock 

 containing less silica (quartz), known as 

 diorite, so he would call it granodiorite- 

 Like granite, granodiorite is an intrusive 

 igneous rock. It was forced in molten 

 condition, probably about the close of 

 Jurassic time, into the slates and green- 

 stones that now surround it, and then it 

 slowly crj^stallized and solidified under a 

 thick cover of rock that has since been 

 worn away by erosion. Granodiorite is 

 abundant in the Sierra Nevada and the 

 Cascade Range. 



