54 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 



A few milos from the fort arc the well-kept buildings of the Klamath 

 Indian Agency. 



Wood River, the clear, cold stream that supphes the fort and 

 agency with water, rises on a fault whose course is marked by a promi- 

 nent bluff leading up toward Crater Lake. The water of the river 

 may possibly be derived in part from the lake by underground flow 

 along the fault fissure- 

 Five miles beyond the agency is Chiloquin, a small village on Wil- 

 liamson River. The water of Williamson River, though clear, has 

 the brown color characteristic of streams that drain swamps. This 

 river is noted for its trout, but the Sprague, into which it empties 

 half a mile below Chiloquin, is turbid and contributes to the muddi- 

 ness of upper Klamath Lake. 



At the crossing of Sprague River an excavation for a ditch reveals 

 bright-colored lake beds, which evidently underlie the soil of the 

 plain. Modoc Point, on the northeast side of Upper Klamath Lake^ 

 is part of a bold bluff of dark lava (basalt) lapped by the waters of the 

 lake. The bluff marks the course of a northwesterly crack along 

 which the rocks on the southwest side have sunk or those on the north- 

 east side have risen — in other words, the lavas are faulted. The 

 bluff is part of the southwest edge of a block of the earth's crust that 

 has been tilted toward the northeast. The effect of the fault has 

 been to form the hollow, deepest on the northeast and shoaling to the 

 southwest, in which the lake lies. There are other faults of the same 

 kind and general direction in southeastern Oregon, and a number of 

 tlicse have produced lake basins. 



From Modoc Point Mount Pitt (9,760 feet) may bo seen by looking 

 west across Pelican Bay. To the south, across the main lake, 

 appears the snowy peak of Shasta (14,350 feet). 



The Plum HUls, near Algoma station, have been carved by erosion 

 from an uptilted fault block such as has just been described. The fault 

 fissure runs along the west base of the hills. Dipping east under the 

 lava which forms the upper part of the hiUs are some fine, thin-layered 

 beds which were deposited in a lake that existed before the lava was 

 erupted. 



Klamath Falls (elevation 4,120 feet), at the outlet of Upper 

 Klamath Lake, is a tliriving town, to whose growth the new through 

 line of the Southern Pacific, now under construction, and the great 

 Klamath reclamation project of the Government have given added 

 impetus. The Klamath Basin, which hes partly in California and 

 partly ui Oregon, embraces several" thousand acres. Much of the 



land to be reclaimed and irrigated was covered by lakes and marshes, 

 but the waters are being drained off and the land, divided into farms, 

 is being irrigated by the Government canals. About 30,000 acres are 

 now under m-igation, and when the system is completed it will 

 include 72,000 acres of irrigable land. Practically all the uplands, 



