SHASTA ROUTE— SEATTLE TO SAN FRANCISCO. 55 



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mation act, must be subdivided into tracts of not more than 160 



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acres and sold to actual settlers. The pubUc lands, including much 

 of the lake areas, are at present withdrawn from entry but will later 

 be opened to homestead entry. 



Klamath Falls the railroad crosses a crpeat 



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The reclamation 



of this area is part of the Government project. On the right is 



which the river makes its way. A flow of comparatively recent lava 

 in the gap has formed a dam which by ponding back the river has 

 contributed to the formation of the lakes and swamps of the country 

 now being traversed. 



At Midland, among the marshes, the traveler enters a national bird 

 reserve, where ducks, geese, and many other waterfowl are abundant 

 and are secm-e from molestation. Near Worden, which hes among 

 low lava hills, apple orchards and fields of grain appear as if by magic^ 

 surrounded by sagebrush and cedars. 



By several tunnels through ridges composed of bright-colored beds 

 of tuff (lava particles thrown out by the explosive action of volcanoes) 

 Dorris (elevation 4,238 feet) is reached. Beyond it are other small 

 to%\ms sun-ounded by hay and grain fields. The hills become better 

 wooded as the Cascade Kange is approached. The eastern front of the 

 range, as seen from Macdoel (elevation 4,256 feet) and Mount Hebron 

 (4,237 feet), is so abrupt as to suggest that this part of the range may 

 have been uplifted above the country to the cast by a fault. The 

 region about Mount Hebron is a fine cattle country. Forests become 

 more conspicuous at Jerome, where the railroad crosses a low divide 



Creek 



volcanic 



is widely used for railroad ballast. This material, somewhat re- 

 sembling cinders, was blown out from some volcano. Such frag- 

 ments of cindory lava are knoT\Ti as lapiUi (httle stones). The rich 

 green pastures of the small valleys of this part of the route are briglit 

 with flowers and dotted with contented cattle. They are surrounded 

 by dark forests of yellow pino (Pinus ponderosa), which is now being 

 extensively cut for lumber. 



seen 



tain (see sheet 8, p. 64), on the right (west), directly across the 

 valley. Another low divide (5,078 feet) is crossed, and Grass Lake, 

 surrounded by swampy pastures of green and yellow grass, comes 

 mto viow. This country drains westward through Little Shasta 

 River to Shasta Valley. From Pineland the road descends toward 



