SHASTA ROUTE — SEATTLE TO SAX FEA^^CISCO. 59 



square miles, or nearly 80 per cent of the State, and 21 per cent of the 

 State was unappropriated and unreserved July 1, 1914. 



Along the State's 1,000 miles of bold coast line there are compara- 

 tively few indentations. The bays of San Diego and San Francisco 

 are excellent harbors, but they are exceptional. 



The chmate of California varies greatly from place to place. Along 

 the coast in northern California it is moist and equable. Around San 

 Francisco Bay a moderate rainfall is confined almost wholly to the 

 winter, and the range in temperature is comparatively small. In 

 parts of southern Cahfornia typical desert conditions prevail. The 

 great interior vallcv is characterized bv moderate to seant wJntor rnin- 



tains, where 



dry summers 



as 



le high moun- 

 o much of it 



affi' 



Forests cover 22 per cent of the area of the State and have been esti- 

 mated to contain 200,000 miUion feet of timber. They are notable for 

 the large size of their trees, especially for the huge dimensions attained 

 by two species of redwood — Sequoia washingtoniana {ot gigantea) ^ the 

 well-known ''big tree'' of the Sierra Nevada, and Sequoia semper- 

 virens, the ''big tree'' of the Coast Range. Some of these giant trees 

 fortunately have been preserved by the Government or through 

 private generosity against the attacks of the lumberman. The 21 

 national forests in California have a total net area of 40,600 square 

 miles, or about one-fourth of the State's area. The national parks in 

 the State are Yosemite (1^124 square miles). Sequoia (252 square 

 miles), and General Grant (4 square miles). The national monuments 



m 



}ak, Muir Woods, and Pinnacles, and there are bird reserves at 



lamath Lake, East Park, Farallon, and Clear Lake. 



Agriculture is a large industry in California, and with the intro due- 



intensive 



Cahforni 



United States, if indeed in the world. Its products range from pine- 

 apples and other semitropical fruits in the south to pears, peaches, and 

 plums in the north, but it is to oranges and other citrus fruits and to 

 wine grapes that California owes its agricultural supremacy. 



During the season from November 1, 1913, to October 31, 1914, 

 California produced 48,548 carloads of citrus fruit, 42,473,000 gallons 

 of wine, and 12,450 tons of walnuts and almonds. 



Of its mineral products, petroleum ranks first in total value and 

 gold next. California's output of petroleum in 1914 was valued at 

 848,466,096, about 25 per cent of the world's yield, and its output of 

 gold in that year at about $21,000,000. In the production of both 

 petroleum and gold California leads all other States in the Union. 



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