38 
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GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
PIKES PEAK. 
Manitou is the place from which the start is made on the Cogwheel 
Road for the ascent of Pikes Peak. Pikes Peak, the highest moun- 
tain in this part of the system (14,109 feet), was named for its dis- 
coverer, Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike, who was commissioned by Presi- 
dent Jefferson to explore certain parts of the western country ac- 
quired from France by the treaty of Paris, signed April 30, 1803, 
and generally known as the Louisiana Purchase. 
Pike had already 
ate, all being cemented and welded to- 
gether by the great weight of the lay- 
s above. In the sea limy shells ac- 
cumulated in great beds and were in 
large part ground up by the waves and 
reduced to fine particles, which were 
cemented together by a part of their 
lime carbonate into beds of Satie acer 
T k 
h 1 kinds of eta e, 
ndstone, congl cleat an 
stone—a imentary Seah aes 
are so well hueGocnbea near Colorado 
Springs, where their total thickness is 
over 10,000 feet. T 
were not originally vertical or inclined 
but ss horizontal, and it was the up- 
lift of the mountains, which occurred 
long rack they had been formed, ne 
eel So Their edges are now 
e way from antinit to 
Austin fee. east of peel The 
oldest of these re those which 
lie upon the granite ie ins mountains ; 
the youngest are those which are ex- 
posed in Austin Bluff and beyond; and 
the beds of intermediate age are those 
in the Garden of the Gods. 
e formations into which the sedi- 
ich they belong, as determined by 
the study of their fossils, are shown 
on sheet 2 (opposite p. 84) and in the 
general section on page m. The term 
formation is generally applied to a 
istinctiv 
r limestone, that were formed 
prem ais or in Close succession dur- 
ing a certain period of geologic time. 
or to a group of beds that are of 
about the same geologic age. It 
is thus frequently srs to such 
assemblage of beds may 
grouped together as a es for con 
venience in mapping. The deposits 
made in a single geologic epoch or 
period are een represented b y sev 
~~ formatio t 
Ciba ceoul epoch, for instance; 
other 
mation there are no ter deatativas 
k wi 
vonian periods. Nor is th 
to represent the eae division of 
the Daihen therisia The ab- 
sence of these beds means ‘athe er 
during these long peri m 
Colorado Springs region was dry ie 
pos 
posited there were later 
Between the Lykins and the Morrison 
formations no representative is found 
of the Triassic period, whose rocks 
— another of the geologic sys- 
Hot all the sedimentary rocks of the 
which eo ee quatttietee of pine? 
e and cane el down from 
high ‘ai on the As these 
streams shifted from ‘ade to side over 
the country they spread gravel some- 
what evenly over the slope until they 
had thus deposited considerably more 
on 
ees a Vie eee Sy 
(oh, ST ReS nee STM ES SSeS CORE Agen ne AAG ae nea 
