5 “ei 
DENVER & RIO GRANDE WESTERN ROUTE. 253 
From Garfield the route lies almost south along the eastern foot 
of the Oquirrh Range. At Arthur and Magna there are large mills 
for crushing.and concentrating the copper ores of the Bingham dis- 
trict. The Magna plant (see Pl. XCVI, A) has a capacity of 14,000 
tons daily of low-grade ore, and the Arthur plant of 10,000 tons. 
From Magna southward the train runs over the tracks of the Bing- 
ham & Garfield Railway, which was built in 1911 for the sole pur- 
pose of transporting ore from Bingham to Garfield. This road is 
said to handle a greater sowie an freight to the mile than any 
other railroad in the United Sta 
After leaving Magna the track Koes up the slopes of the moun- 
tain, but as it traverses mainly the sand and gravel deposited in 
ancient Lake Bonneville, there are few rock cuts. In this interval 
the traveler has several excellent views of the terraces of Lake Bonne- 
ville (see Pl. XCVI, #), and as the track enters the mouth of Bing- 
ham Canyon the road has attained about the level of the highest or 
Bonneville shore line. 
ers are circular, about 22 feet in di- | the best results the charge must be 
ameter, and have a number of hearths | carefully calculated and weighed. It 
on which the ore is slowly “ rabbled ” ea consists of about 75 per cent 
or raked by arms that extend from | of that has been previously 
the center. After ee at the top Mirah mixed with coke, limestone, 
and passing over the hearths it has | and old scrap iron or slag. After 
been relieved of most * its sulphur spel.) as been in progress several 
and is then dumped into cars. An- | hours lead bullion forms in the cru- 
ites pe of roaster produces a co- | cible, bi the charge consisted of lead 
herent mass called sinter, which natu- | ores, and slag and matte flow into 
rally makes a less dusty charge for the | special cars. The bullion is skimmed 
blast furnace. In some places a series | to remove the dross or impurities and 
of pots are used in which the sulphur | then cast into bars, which are shipped 
is burned off by the aid of a blast | to refineries where the gold, silver, 
after the introduction of burning coal. | and lead are separated. he slag, 
Years ago at Butte, Mont., the ore was | which contains iron, silica, and other 
roasted in the open air on piles of | substances, is discarded, and the matte, 
cordwood, but the farmers objected to | which contains gold, silver, copper, 
a process which permitted the escap- | and lead, is either crushed and re- 
ing gases to destroy vegetation. In | turned to the blast furnace or shipped 
ies places, aia: e, the smoke and | to a refinery. Some plants use rever- 
re now ete? ly diverted and | batory furnaces in smelting lead ores 
is dr The i is that farms now | that contain pied tiga eee es 
thrive close to smelter stacks, and the | naces are. hor 
smelters make a much better saving | roasting with LB ib pe ee 
of metal is lead bullion and a residue which 
The blast furnace in common use is | may be treated in a blast furnace. In 
upright and has a rectangular cross | all these operations, but especially in 
section. It is cooled by a water jacket, | the operation of the blast furnace, the 
and the charge on the hearth receives | draft of air takes up small particles of 
an air blast, as its name implies, For | ore, and the intense heat volatilizes 
