954 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
By climbing steadily from Garfield the railroad is here about 200 
feet above the bottom of the canyon, and the traveler may look 
down on the left and note all the activities of a mining town. (See 
Pl. XCV, A.) The canyon is very narrow, and the town consists of 
a single street with scarcely room enough for houses on both sides. 
The view from the train would be fine were it not that the road is 
chiefly carved through the mountains. From time to time the train 
emerges from the portal of a tunnel and crosses one of the side can- 
yons on a steel trestle 200 feet or more high. The traveler may then 
have a good view of the canyon, but the mines are mostly above the 
town, so that they are not visible until the train stops. 
When the traveler alights from the train he finds himself high up 
on the side of the canyon and at its largest fork. He may well stop 
here to look at the surroundings, for it is doubtful if he will find as 
good a viewpoint without considerable climbing. He may look in 
vain for the mines, but instead he will see the wall of the canyon 
before him creased with horizontal benches and on each of these 
benches an enormous steam shovel lifting the ore and its overburden 
some of the metals, such as lead, zinc, 
and arsenic. The fumes are therefore 
turned down into long semicircular 
flues, where the dust particles collect 
aka 
is driven to one pole of the field, where 
it accumulates and is periodically col- 
lected. Arsenic is also saved by pass- 
ing the fumes through thousands of 
woolen bags treated with zine oxide or 
smelter stack, but now the smoke nui- 
sance is largely abated. 
Copper smelting to a certain e 
is similar to lea 
products must be treated somewhat 
differently. Roasters, reverberatories, 
and blast furnaces are used, but the 
operation of the blast furnace, sa 
of making copper bullion, resu in 
copper matte, a product that dln 
copper, sulphur, and iron. This matte 
is again treated in converters whic 
have an opening in the top to dispose 
of the fumes and to receive the matte 
e 
intense b 
the sides, allowing oxygen to combine 
with the sulphur and form sulphurous 
gases which are led away from the 
Eien and after about 2 hours the matte 
is “blown ” into the product known as 
blister copper, which oa te about 
98 per cent of pure cop if much 
gold and silver is vteeni ‘the blister 
copper is further refin 
cars take the fiery material to the slag 
i s of 
ted matt 
into large kettles. Traveling cranes 
ing” changes the matte 
to blister copper, 
