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America; its wood is sometimes used for fuel, and was 
valued by the Indians for the frames of canoes. 
In the area to the eastward of the spruces are a number of 
other pines. The Korean white pine, a native of eastern 
Asia, is located next to the spruces. Near this is the Table- 
mountain pine. On the high ground to the eastward of 
the above is the Scotch pine, the principal timber pine of 
Europe and Asiatic Russia. On the easterly slope of 
this higher land and on the lower ground nearby may 
be found, among others, the red or Norway pine, from 
northeastern North America, the wood of which is largely 
used for building purposes and for masts, piles and spars; 
the small-flowered white pine, from Japan, where it is 
frequently used by the Japanese in producing their minia- 
ture trees; the Japanese black pine, useful for its wood; the 
Austrian pine, found native from Austria to the Balkan 
peninsula; and the yellow, or bull, pine, from western North 
America. 
In the triangle located midway between the south gate 
and range 1, are the American cypresses (Taxodium), in 
two species: the bald cypress, and the pond cypress. 
These, like the larches (Larix), and a few other coniferous 
trees, shed their leaves for a portion of the year. They 
form vast areas in parts of the southern states, called 
cypress swamps. Their timber is of economic importance 
and their bark isrichintannin. None of the true cypresses 
(Cupressus) are hardy with us. 
At the northern end of the swale in which the herbaceous 
grounds are located, and to the westward of the morphologic 
garden, is the collection of larches (Larix) and also the 
members of the yew family (Taxaceae). ‘The larches are 
deciduous trees, the wood of which is of great economic 
importance. Specimens of the European larch are here, 
and also of the Japanese larch. The genus Pseudolarix, 
distinguished from the larches in having the scales of the 
cones decidous, is represented by its single species, the 
golden or Chinese larch; this, like the true larches, is a 
deciduous tree. 
