( 160) 
Asia. The large-toothed oak, of Japan, a valued timber 
tree there, is represented Beret as is also the gland- 
bearing oak, another Japanese species. The shingle, or 
laurel oak, of the eastern United States, is not of much 
commercial value, as its wood checks badly in drying; 
it is sometimes used in making clapboards and shingles. 
Schneck’s oak comes from the south central parts of the 
United States. The Turkey oak, of southeastern Europe 
and western Asia, is valued in that region on account of 
its bark which is used in tanning leather. Several hybrid 
oaks form interesting parts of the collection. The pin 
oak, the scarlet oak, the black oak and the white oak are 
to be seen in large wild specimens elsewhere in the grounds. 
The chestnuts (Castanea) are represented by the Japanese 
chestnut, of China and Japan. The American chestnut 
was in former years common about the grounds, some of 
the trees being large and of great age. The chestnut 
blight has destroyed or necessitated the destruction of all 
of these trees. The beeches (Fagus) are located in the 
north part of the swale at the west side of the oak family 
reservation. The European beech and its purple-leaved 
variety may both be found here in small, recently planted 
trees; there are large specimens of the purple-leaved and 
weeping varieties of this south of the mansion. Small 
trees of the American beech are also here, but large wild 
specimens may be found along the driveways and paths in 
the vicinity; the wood of the beech takes a high polish and 
is largely used for furniture, while the nuts are edible. 
The uses of the European beech are about the same as 
those of the American. 
The elm family, to which belong the elms, the hack- 
berries or sugarberries, and the water-elms, is located on the 
ridge to the north of the stable. Among the elms (Ulmus) 
to be found here is the Scotch or Wych elm, native from 
Europe to Japan; the red elm, growing wild from Tennessee 
to Alabama; the cork or rock elm, of northeastern North 
America; the Chinese elm, of China and Japan; and the 
