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for the making of paper; in northern British America it is 
the principal fuel of the Indians, as it burns freely when 
green and without sparks; the inner bark, which is sweet, 
is often used by them as a food in early spring. This tree 
has been of great service in re-foresting large tracts which 
have been denuded by fire; the long hairy appendages 
to the seeds enable the wind to carry them far and wide, 
and as they germinate quickly and the young seedlings 
grow rapidly in exposed situations, it is admirably adapted 
to the above purpose, quickly furnishing a covering for 
the land until more desirable trees may get a foothold. 
The white or silver-leaf poplar, of Europe and Asia, and 
Bolle’s poplar, a variety of this with lobed leaves and quite 
ornamental, are here. Another ornamental tree and one 
frequently used where quick growth is desired, is the 
eastern cottonwood, or Carolina poplar, common in eastern 
North America. There also is the Lombardy, or Italian 
poplar, from Europe and Asia, with its tall spire-like 
growth. Among the willows are the white willow, from 
Europe, and the weeping willow, native of Asia, a tree 
commonly planted for ornamental purposes, and sometimes 
known as Napoleon’s willow. An additional area to the 
south, east of the long lake, is now being developed for the 
willow family and the walnut family. 
The walnuts and their relatives may be found in the 
region to the north of the willow family and south of the 
path. The narrow-winged wing-nut, from China, is here. 
Of the walnuts (Juglans), the English Walnut, native from 
southeastern Europe to China, produces a most desirable 
nut, often called Madeira nut; the Romans introduced it 
into Italy, and from that place as a center its cultivation 
has spread in all directions, both in the Old World and the 
New; the nuts form a common article of food in southern 
Europe; in Europe and northern India an oil, called walnut- 
oil, used as a substitute for olive-oil, is obtained by sub- 
jecting the seed-leaves to pressure. The black walnut 
and the butternut are both wild elsewhere in the Garden, 
