(n8) 



Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor 



This oak often attains a height of 90 feet in the forest but 

 isolated specimens are usually lower and broader. The tor- 

 tuous branches and trunk are invested by a red-brown, scaly 

 bark, which on the trunk is deeply furrowed with confluent 

 fissures. 



The leaf-blades are lobed, but not deeply so, and in gen- 

 eral outline the blade is broadest above the middle. Neither 

 the lobes nor the apex of the blade are bristle-tipped. The 

 leaf-blades are green above and more or less woolly and pale 

 beneath. In April or May the flowers appear followed in 

 the succeeding autumn by the fruit. The nut is slender- 

 stalked, ovoid, about J4 of an inch long and its lower half is 

 immersed in the woolly cup. 



The tree prefers moist places and is found from Quebec 

 to Georgia and westward. Its wood is sold indiscriminately 

 by lumbermen for the same purpose as white oak and it is 

 exceedingly valuable. 



Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa 



In some situations this tree attains a height of 170 feet, 

 but it never becomes as tall as this in the Hudson Valley 

 where it is local and found only in the northern part. The 

 brown or reddish bark is deeply fissured and split into irregu- 

 lar plates. 



The upper half of the leaf-blade is broader than the lower 

 half and divided almost to the middle by the lobes. The 

 terminal lobes are longer than the lateral ones, and are 

 coarsely blunt-toothed. Neither the apex, lobes nor teeth 

 are bristle-tipped. The upper surface of the leaf-blade is 

 smooth and green, the lower grayish and hairy. According 

 to the latitude the flowers appear from March to June, in 

 the Hudson Valley early in May. The stalkless fruits ma- 

 ture the same autumn, singly or in clusters of 2 or 3. The 

 nut is almost round or sometimes oblong, and varies from 

 y 2 to 2 inches long according to latitude. It is about half 

 immersed in a cup which is conspicuously fringed at the 



