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the American elm, and more local and rare in its distribution. 

 The outer bark is darker and more deeply fissured. 



In general outline the leaves much resemble those of the 

 American elm but they are larger, more conspicuously 

 toothed on the margins, and very prominently roughened on 

 the upper surface. Its flowers are very similar to those of 

 the better known tree but the fruits have one characteristic 

 that is strikingly different from the preceding kind. The 

 wing of the seed is quite smooth on its edges, and on the face 

 it is hairy only immediately over the seed. 



The slippery elm is found from Maine to Georgia and 

 westward. It is fairly common along the Hudson, especially 

 northward. The slippery elm lozenge is made from the 

 precipitation of the mucilage which the tree secretes so ex- 

 tensively in its inner bark. The wood is also valuable for 

 construction purposes. 



Cork Elm Ulmus Thomasi 



This is the least known and most locally distributed native 

 elm. It attains a height of 80 or 90 feet in favorable situa- 

 tions. The trunk is stout, and clothed by the thick fissured 

 bark. The lower branches are often conspicuously droop- 

 ing, and the young branches have prominent corky wings 

 along the sides. 



The oval-outlined leaf-blades are sharp-pointed at the tip, 

 and rounded at the nearly equilateral base. The marginal 

 teeth are prominent, incurved and the large teeth are them- 

 selves toothed. Before the leaves unfold the flowers appear, 

 followed in early summer by the fruits. These differ from 

 both the American and slippery elm in having the seed-wing 

 hairy on its margin and also its entire surface. 



Railroad ties, bridges, and agricultural implements are all 

 made from the wood of this tree. It grows wild from 

 Quebec and Ontario to northern New York, Tennessee and 

 westward. In the Hudson Valley it is rare, and only defi- 

 nitely known in the northern part. 



The English elm (Ulmus campestris) Is widely planted 



